Magnetic anomaly investigation for mineral potential assessment in the Plateau-Bauchi basement complex, Northern Nigeria

Abstract

The Plateau-Bauchi Basement Complex in northern Nigeria is a geologically diverse region with significant mineral potential. This study employs an integrated geophysical approach to map the structural framework and mineralization controls within this economically vital region. High-resolution aeromagnetic data were processed using a comprehensive suite of magnetic analysis techniques. The analytical toolkit included Source Parameter Imaging (SPI), Phase Symmetry (PS), Analytic Signal (AS), Tilt Derivative analysis, Butterworth bandpass filtering, 3D magnetic anomaly inversion, and Euler deconvolution. Our results reveal an intricate network of faults, fractures, and intrusive bodies that govern mineralization patterns across the study area. Prominent structural trends (NW-SE, NE-SW, E-W, and N-S) and estimated depths to magnetic sources ranging from near-surface (<420 m) to deeper structures (up to 1330 m) have been delineated. Integration of the geophysical techniques allows for the delineation of high-susceptibility zones corresponding to potential mineral-rich deposits. Strong correlations between geophysical anomalies and known occurrences of economically important minerals, including tin, columbite, kaolin, niobium, and rare earth elements such as tourmaline are observed. Complex fault intersections and intrusive features, particularly in the Kakkek, Durbi, Durr, and Barkin Ladi regions, create favorable conditions for mineral accumulation. This study provides crucial insights into the subsurface architecture of the Plateau-Bauchi basement complex and its relationship to mineralization processes. Our findings establish a robust framework for guiding future exploration efforts and contribute significantly to the understanding of mineral deposit formation in complex geological terrains.