Solar-based units’ shadow’s effect on energy management of triple interconnected grids by considering crypto miners and CCUS plus green roof

Abstract

Concerns about climate change and global warming caused by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from fossil fuels have intensified in recent years. Despite numerous statements and protocols, practical actions remain limited. Every effort to mitigate these effects is crucial. This paper explores the critical but often overlooked impact of solar-based renewable energy units on buildings’ energy demands, affecting energy management and planning. It also examines the role of green roof (GR) technology as an innovative method for demand management and carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) technology, both separately and in combination. From the demand side, the growing influence of crypto miners as significant elements in power grids is considered. Energy-Plus software is used to calculate the building’s demands, incorporating the green roof and shadow effects. These results are then used in the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) to optimize energy management using mixed-integer linear programming (MILP), solved with the Augmented Epsilon constraints method and various solvers. The study models a triple interconnected grid, applying Tehran’s weather conditions to evaluate renewable energy outputs and building performance. The area of the building is included as a key factor, and different scenarios are analyzed to assess the impact of the proposed strategies individually and collectively.