The impact of land tenure on deforestation and reforestation in Quilombola territories from 1985 to 2020 in Brazil

Rayna Benzeev , Cauê Bráz , Colleen Scanlan Lyons , Peter Newton
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Abstract

Land tenure for Indigenous peoples and local communities in forested areas can improve livelihoods and protect forests while recognizing territorial and human rights. Yet little is known about the relationship between land tenure and deforestation within Quilombola territories (QTs) of Afro-descendant populations in Brazil. Understanding these relationships is important given that only 176 of the more than 5,900 QTs have been recognized with legal land tenure rights throughout Brazil. In this study, we conducted a difference-in-differences analysis to estimate the average treatment effect of land tenure on rates of deforestation, reforestation, and net forest cover change from 1985 to 2020 in 313 QTs across all of Brazil as well as 104 more specifically in the Brazilian Amazon and 81 in the Atlantic Forest biome. We additionally tested changes in forest outcomes before and after an earlier stage of the tenure process (incomplete tenure). We found no evidence that formalized land tenure had influenced forest outcomes in QTs. As the first rigorous analysis of the effect of formalized tenure specifically in QTs, our study also reveals several primary knowledge and data gaps relating to Quilombolas. We emphasize the need for much more data to be systematically collected and disseminated on QTs, as well as the need for more research to be conducted to fully understand how tenure influences forest cover in QTs. We highlight that there are considerable opportunities to improve the state of research and understanding about rights, tenure, and forest conservation among Quilombolas, as an important but largely-overlooked (in terms of research) category of traditional peoples in Brazil. We additionally contribute to a growing body of literature on the role of rights-based approaches to conservation.
1985 - 2020年巴西Quilombola地区土地权属对森林砍伐和再造林的影响
森林地区土著人民和当地社区的土地保有制度可以改善生计和保护森林,同时承认领土和人权。然而,在巴西非洲人后裔的Quilombola领地(QTs)内,人们对土地所有权和森林砍伐之间的关系知之甚少。考虑到巴西全国5900多个qt中只有176个被承认拥有合法的土地权属,了解这些关系非常重要。在这项研究中,我们进行了差异中差异分析,以估计1985年至2020年期间巴西313个qt的土地权能对毁林率、再造林率和净森林覆盖变化的平均处理效果,其中104个在巴西亚马逊地区,81个在大西洋森林生物群系。我们还测试了权属过程早期阶段(不完全权属)前后森林结果的变化。我们没有发现证据表明正式的土地权属影响了QTs的森林成果。作为第一个对正式权属制度影响的严谨分析,我们的研究还揭示了与“Quilombolas”相关的几个主要知识和数据缺口。我们强调需要有系统地收集和传播更多关于生态试验区的数据,并需要进行更多的研究,以充分了解权属如何影响生态试验区的森林覆盖。我们强调,作为巴西传统民族的一个重要但在很大程度上被忽视(在研究方面)的类别,在改善对Quilombolas人的权利、权属和森林保护的研究和理解方面有相当大的机会。此外,我们还为越来越多的关于基于权利的保护方法的作用的文献做出了贡献。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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