Design and fabrication of enhanced room temperature NH3 sensors based on Sn-doped WO3 thin films deposited using nebulizer spray pyrolysis technique

IF 5.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Ceramics International Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.515

S. Vinoth , Inigo Valan Isaiarasu , R.S. Rimal Isaac , A. Vimala Juliet , Aayesha Sagir Khan , Ashwani Kumar , Mohd Shkir

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The growing need for effective room temperature (RT) NH₃ gas sensors stems from potential health risks associated with NH₃ exposure. This research introduces WO₃:Sn (0–5 wt%) thin films, prepared via nebulizer-assisted spray pyrolysis, as novel NH₃ sensing materials. The crystallite structure analysis confirmed the hexagonal crystal structure of WO₃ films, with 3 wt% Sn-doping showing increased crystallinity. The morphological study revealed a unique mesh-like porous surface morphology in Sn-doped films, conducive to gas adsorption/desorption processes. Optical analysis showed bandgap reduction in WO₃ thin films up to 3 wt% doping. Photoluminescence (PL) study confirms the increase in oxygen related defect states (i.e oxygen vacancies (O_v) for the 3 wt% doping in WO₃. The WO₃:Sn (3wt%) sensor demonstrated superior performance, with exceptionally high gas response of 552 and low response/recovery times of 8.1 s/5.4 s to 250 ppm NH₃ at room temperature. The study briefly discusses the gas sensing mechanism in n-type WO₃ and compares the present results with previously reported WO₃-based NH₃ sensors for their suitability in the application of commercial gas sensors.

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基于掺锡WO3薄膜雾化喷雾热解技术的增强型室温NH3传感器的设计与制造

对有效的室温（RT） NH3气体传感器日益增长的需求源于与NH3暴露相关的潜在健康风险。本研究介绍了利用雾化器辅助喷雾热解法制备WO3:Sn （0-5 wt%）薄膜作为新型NH3传感材料。晶体结构分析证实了WO3薄膜的六方晶体结构，掺3wt % sn的WO3薄膜结晶度有所提高。形态学研究表明，锡掺杂薄膜具有独特的网状多孔表面形态，有利于气体吸附/解吸过程。光学分析表明，WO3薄膜的带隙减少了3 wt%的掺杂。光致发光（PL）研究证实，在WO3中掺杂3 wt%后，氧相关缺陷态（即氧空位（Ov））增加。WO3:Sn （3wt%）传感器表现出优异的性能，在室温下，当NH3浓度为250 ppm时，其气体响应时间高达552，响应/恢复时间仅为8.1 s/5.4 s。本研究简要讨论了n型WO3的气敏机理，并将本研究结果与先前报道的基于WO3的NH3传感器在商业气体传感器应用中的适用性进行了比较。

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来源期刊

Ceramics International 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

15.40%

发文量

4558

审稿时长

25 days

期刊介绍： Ceramics International covers the science of advanced ceramic materials. The journal encourages contributions that demonstrate how an understanding of the basic chemical and physical phenomena may direct materials design and stimulate ideas for new or improved processing techniques, in order to obtain materials with desired structural features and properties. Ceramics International covers oxide and non-oxide ceramics, functional glasses, glass ceramics, amorphous inorganic non-metallic materials (and their combinations with metal and organic materials), in the form of particulates, dense or porous bodies, thin/thick films and laminated, graded and composite structures. Process related topics such as ceramic-ceramic joints or joining ceramics with dissimilar materials, as well as surface finishing and conditioning are also covered. Besides traditional processing techniques, manufacturing routes of interest include innovative procedures benefiting from externally applied stresses, electromagnetic fields and energetic beams, as well as top-down and self-assembly nanotechnology approaches. In addition, the journal welcomes submissions on bio-inspired and bio-enabled materials designs, experimentally validated multi scale modelling and simulation for materials design, and the use of the most advanced chemical and physical characterization techniques of structure, properties and behaviour. Technologically relevant low-dimensional systems are a particular focus of Ceramics International. These include 0, 1 and 2-D nanomaterials (also covering CNTs, graphene and related materials, and diamond-like carbons), their nanocomposites, as well as nano-hybrids and hierarchical multifunctional nanostructures that might integrate molecular, biological and electronic components.