Lattice Boltzmann simulation of droplet dynamics in proton exchange membrane fuel cell channel with mechanical vibration

Abstract

Handling water is a critical challenge for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, significantly impacting their lifespan and reliability. While most PEM cells operate in vibrational environments, no studies have examined how mechanical vibrations affect water handling. This research investigates water droplet behavior in a vibrating airflow channel and proposes a new design featuring a hydrophilic band to enhance water management. Key findings include: (1) an optimal hydrophilic band width of 0.6 that facilitates droplet movement; (2) a decrease in droplet velocity from 0.107 to 0.024 m s⁻¹ as amplitude increases from 5 mm to 20 mm; and (3) an increase in velocity from 0.0669 to 0.15 m s⁻¹ with higher frequency, highlighting the significant effects of vibration on droplet dynamics and overall water management in PEM fuel cells.