The Gut Microbiome of the Asiatic Toad (Bufo gargarizans) Reflects Environmental Changes and Human Activities

IF 2.3 2区 生物学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Xuena Kang, Meiying Shao, Jiyang Jiang, Lewei He, Yunwei Lu, Jiarong Song, Jue Xu, Zhenxin Fan
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Abstract

Amphibians are extremely sensitive to environmental changes, and their gut microbiome may have different responses to environmental changes. Here, metagenomic sequencing was used to investigate the intestinal microbiota of the Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) from three different habitats (city areas, transition areas, and wild areas) of Sichuan Province, China. The results showed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Fusobacteria were the main bacteria in the gut of B. gargarizans. There were significant differences in the composition and function of the gut microbiome among the samples from the three different habitats. Enterobacteriaceae showed significant changes in the three habitats and occupied a high relative abundance in the city areas, especially for Citrobacter. Especially, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs) were significantly increased in city areas. We performed de novo assembly of the metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). In total, 322 nonredundant MAGs were reconstructed, 304 of which might be potential novel genomes. Among the 13 species-level genome bins (SGBs) belonging to Enterobacteriaceae, the one belonging to Citrobacter portucalensis annotated the most types of ARGs and VFs. Phylogenetic and functional analyses of the assembled C. portucalensis MAG and public genome data were carried out, suggesting that it may play a potential role in intestinal diseases in amphibians. Our study revealed the differences in the gut microbiome of B. gargarizans across different habitats and suggests that amphibian intestinal microbiota could serve as environmental indicators to reflect environmental changes and human activities. The reconstructed MAGs expanded our understanding of the gut microbiota in amphibians, which may serve as a substantial reservoir for microbiome resources.

Abstract Image

亚洲蟾蜍(Bufo gargarizans)肠道微生物组反映环境变化和人类活动
两栖动物对环境变化极为敏感,它们的肠道微生物群可能对环境变化有不同的反应。本研究采用宏基因组测序方法,对来自中国四川省三种不同栖息地(城市地区、过渡地区和野生地区)的亚洲蟾蜍(Bufo gargarizans)的肠道微生物群进行了研究。结果表明,变形菌门、厚壁菌门和梭菌门是巨形芽胞杆菌肠道内的主要细菌。在三种不同栖息地的样品中,肠道微生物组的组成和功能存在显著差异。肠杆菌科在三种生境中变化显著,在城市地区相对丰度较高,其中以柠檬酸杆菌(Citrobacter)居多。特别是城市地区抗生素耐药基因(ARGs)和毒力因子(VFs)显著升高。我们进行了宏基因组组装基因组(MAGs)的从头组装。共重建了322个非冗余mag,其中304个可能是潜在的新基因组。在肠杆菌科的13个种水平基因组箱(sgb)中,葡萄牙柠檬酸杆菌(Citrobacter portucalensis)基因组箱注释的ARGs和VFs类型最多。对组装的葡萄牙c.p orucalensis MAG和公开基因组数据进行了系统发育和功能分析,提示其可能在两栖动物肠道疾病中发挥潜在作用。我们的研究揭示了不同栖息地的两栖动物肠道微生物群的差异,提示两栖动物肠道微生物群可以作为反映环境变化和人类活动的环境指标。重建的MAGs扩展了我们对两栖动物肠道微生物群的理解,这可能是微生物群资源的重要储存库。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.40
自引率
3.80%
发文量
1027
审稿时长
3-6 weeks
期刊介绍: Ecology and Evolution is the peer reviewed journal for rapid dissemination of research in all areas of ecology, evolution and conservation science. The journal gives priority to quality research reports, theoretical or empirical, that develop our understanding of organisms and their diversity, interactions between them, and the natural environment. Ecology and Evolution gives prompt and equal consideration to papers reporting theoretical, experimental, applied and descriptive work in terrestrial and aquatic environments. The journal will consider submissions across taxa in areas including but not limited to micro and macro ecological and evolutionary processes, characteristics of and interactions between individuals, populations, communities and the environment, physiological responses to environmental change, population genetics and phylogenetics, relatedness and kin selection, life histories, systematics and taxonomy, conservation genetics, extinction, speciation, adaption, behaviour, biodiversity, species abundance, macroecology, population and ecosystem dynamics, and conservation policy.
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