Prevalence and Associated Factors of Sarcopenic Obesity Among Nursing Home Residents: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Centre Study

IF 9.4 1区医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI:10.1002/jcsm.13821

Doris Eglseer, Hristo Hristov, Sanja Krušič, Nadan Gregorič, Irena Hren, Igor Pravst, Živa Lavriša

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Abstract

Background

Obesity and sarcopenia are prevalent among older adults and associated with adverse health outcomes. The aims of the present study were to assess the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity, to evaluate the co-occurence of sarcopenia, obesity and malnutrition (risk) and to assess the association between specific characteristics and sarcopenic obesity/probable sarcopenic obesity in nursing home residents.

Methods

Three hundred eighty-seven nursing home residents with low to moderate care requirements from 20 nursing homes in Slovenia participated in the cross-sectional NutriCare study. Data on general patient characteristics, physical activity, usual dietary intake (estimated by a 2 × 24 h dietary recall and a food frequency questionnaire), malnutrition (risk) status (Mini Nutritional Assessment [MNA]), laboratory parameters, hand grip strength and body composition (estimated via BIA) were collected. Obesity was defined as a high body fat percentage. Sarcopenia was defined according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People2 (EWGSOP2) criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to characterise the sample. Uni- and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed to explore associations between the predictor variables and sarcopenic obesity.

Results

The prevalence of obesity was 90.7% according to high fat mass and 38.3% according to BMI (≥ 30). Prevalences were 27.6% (sarcopenia) and 24.5% (sarcopenic obesity), respectively. Probable sarcopenic obesity (low hand grip strength combined with obesity) was found in 37.6% of participants. A co-occurence of malnutrition (risk) and sarcopenia was present in 11.9%, whereas a combination of malnutrition (risk) and obesity was found in 28.2%. In 9.6% of the participants, a combination of all three phenomena—sarcopenia, obesity and malnutrition (risk)—was identified. The multivariable logistic regression model shows that higher age (OR 1.07; CI 1.02, 1.11), male sex (OR 2.3; CI 1.22, 4.5) and higher energy intake (OR 1.13; CI 1.04, 1.22) were significantly associated with sarcopenic obesity. Male sex (OR 2.30; CI 1.33, 3.98), higher age (OR 1.07; CI 1.03, 1.11), higher care requirements (OR 2.14; CI 1.20, 3.79), lower MNA score (OR 0.88; CI 0.80, 0.97) and metabolic equivalent of tasks (MET minutes/week) (OR 0.99; CI 0.98, 1.00) were significantly associated with probable sarcopenic obesity.

Conclusions

The study indicates a notable prevalence of obesity and sarcopenic obesity among nursing home residents with lower to moderate care dependency. These findings underscore the importance of optimising nutritional intake and other modifiable lifestyle factors associated with such health conditions and implementing them into targeted, individualised interventions to reduce the risk of obesity and sarcopenic obesity and to improve health outcomes.

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疗养院居民肌肉减少型肥胖的流行及相关因素：一项横断面多中心研究

背景：肥胖和肌肉减少症在老年人中普遍存在，并与不良健康结果相关。本研究的目的是评估肌肉减少性肥胖的患病率，评估肌肉减少症、肥胖和营养不良（风险）的共同发生，以及评估特定特征与肌肉减少性肥胖/可能的肌肉减少性肥胖之间的关系。方法来自斯洛文尼亚20家养老院的387名低至中等护理要求的养老院居民参与了NutriCare的横断面研究。收集患者一般特征、身体活动、日常膳食摄入量（通过2 × 24小时饮食回忆和食物频率问卷评估）、营养不良（风险）状况（迷你营养评估[MNA]）、实验室参数、握力和身体成分（通过BIA评估）等数据。肥胖被定义为体脂率高。肌少症的定义是根据欧洲老年人肌少症工作组（EWGSOP2）的标准。使用描述性统计来描述样本的特征。进行单变量和多变量二元logistic回归分析，探讨预测变量与肌肉减少性肥胖之间的关系。结果高脂体质肥胖发生率为90.7%，BMI≥30肥胖发生率为38.3%。患病率分别为27.6%（肌肉减少症）和24.5%（肌肉减少性肥胖）。37.6%的参与者可能存在肌肉减少性肥胖（手握力低合并肥胖）。11.9%的人同时存在营养不良（风险）和肌肉减少症，而28.2%的人同时存在营养不良（风险）和肥胖。在9.6%的参与者中，所有三种现象——肌肉减少症、肥胖和营养不良（风险）——都被确定。多变量logistic回归模型显示，较高的年龄(OR 1.07；CI 1.02, 1.11)，男性(OR 2.3；CI 1.22, 4.5)和更高的能量摄入(OR 1.13；CI 1.04, 1.22)与肌肉减少性肥胖显著相关。男性(OR 2.30；CI 1.33, 3.98)，年龄越大(OR 1.07；CI 1.03, 1.11)，更高的护理要求(OR 2.14；CI 1.20, 3.79)， MNA评分较低(OR 0.88；CI 0.80, 0.97)和代谢当量任务（MET分钟/周）(OR 0.99；CI 0.98, 1.00)与可能的肌肉减少性肥胖显著相关。结论在低至中度护理依赖者中，肥胖和肌少性肥胖的发生率显著升高。这些发现强调了优化与这些健康状况相关的营养摄入和其他可改变的生活方式因素的重要性，并将其实施为有针对性的个性化干预措施，以降低肥胖和肌少性肥胖的风险，并改善健康结果。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL-

CiteScore

13.30

自引率

12.40%

发文量

234

审稿时长

16 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle is a peer-reviewed international journal dedicated to publishing materials related to cachexia and sarcopenia, as well as body composition and its physiological and pathophysiological changes across the lifespan and in response to various illnesses from all fields of life sciences. The journal aims to provide a reliable resource for professionals interested in related research or involved in the clinical care of affected patients, such as those suffering from AIDS, cancer, chronic heart failure, chronic lung disease, liver cirrhosis, chronic kidney failure, rheumatoid arthritis, or sepsis.