Rapid and high-resolution 3D printing via photoacid generator induced cationic RAFT polymerization

IF 10.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Science China Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI:10.1007/s11426-024-2422-2

Bowen Zhao, Jiajia Li, Chongyang Yang, Xiangqiang Pan, Zhengbiao Zhang, Jian Zhu

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Abstract

Vinyl ethers, while being typical monomers for living cationic polymerization, have limited commercial use due to the poor mechanical properties of their polymers at room temperature. We explored the use of photoacid generators to induce cationic reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization for the rapid high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) printing of various vinyl ethers. The process demonstrated controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions (MWD), with monomer conversions exceeding 90% in minutes. Incorporating a crosslinker enabled 3D printing at speeds up to 8.46 cm h⁻¹ with layer thicknesses as thin as 50 µm. The mechanical properties of the printed objects were tunable by adjusting resin components, allowing for a range of material characteristics from brittle to elastomeric (tensile strength ranging from 13.9 to 31.7 MPa, Young’s modulus ranging from 185.6 to 992.7 MPa and elongation at break ranging from 2.8% to 68.3%). Moreover, polymer welding facilitated the creation of gradient materials, showcasing the potential for engineered applications of poly(vinyl ethers) (PVEs).

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通过光酸发生器诱导阳离子RAFT聚合实现快速高分辨率3D打印

乙烯基醚虽然是活性阳离子聚合的典型单体，但由于其聚合物在室温下的机械性能较差，其商业用途有限。我们探索了利用光酸发生器诱导阳离子可逆加成-破碎链转移（RAFT）聚合，用于各种乙烯醚的快速高分辨率三维（3D）打印。该工艺的分子量可控，分子量分布窄，几分钟内单体转化率超过90%。结合交联剂使3D打印速度高达8.46 cm h - 1，层厚度薄至50 μ m。通过调整树脂成分，打印对象的机械性能可调，允许从脆性到弹性的材料特性范围（抗拉强度范围为13.9至31.7 MPa，杨氏模量范围为185.6至992.7 MPa，断裂伸长率范围为2.8%至68.3%）。此外，聚合物焊接促进了梯度材料的产生，展示了聚乙烯醇醚（pve）工程应用的潜力。

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来源期刊

Science China Chemistry CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

14.40

自引率

7.30%

发文量

3787

审稿时长

2.2 months

期刊介绍： Science China Chemistry, co-sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China and published by Science China Press, publishes high-quality original research in both basic and applied chemistry. Indexed by Science Citation Index, it is a premier academic journal in the field. Categories of articles include: Highlights. Brief summaries and scholarly comments on recent research achievements in any field of chemistry. Perspectives. Concise reports on thelatest chemistry trends of interest to scientists worldwide, including discussions of research breakthroughs and interpretations of important science and funding policies. Reviews. In-depth summaries of representative results and achievements of the past 5–10 years in selected topics based on or closely related to the research expertise of the authors, providing a thorough assessment of the significance, current status, and future research directions of the field.