Design and optimization of a hybrid graphene-metallic metasurfaces terahertz biosensor for high-precision detection of reproductive hormones, integrating locally weighted linear regression analysis and 2-bit encoding capabilities

IF 1.6 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER
Jacob Wekalao, Hussein A. Elsayed, Ahmed M. El-Sherbeeny, Mostafa R. Abukhadra, Ahmed Mehaney
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Abstract

The detection and monitoring of reproductive hormones play a crucial role in understanding reproductive health, fertility treatments, and endocrine disorders. Traditional hormone detection methods, such as immunoassays and chromatography, while accurate, often require complex sample preparation, specialized laboratory settings, and considerable time for analysis. This has created a pressing need for rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective detection methods that can be implemented in point-of-care settings. Meanwhile, we have introduced in the present communication a novel terahertz (THz) biosensor design that integrates graphene, copper, and silver in engineered metasurfaces resonators for high-precision reproductive hormone detection. The proposed structure leverages graphene's tunable properties alongside plasmonic enhancement from copper and silver, achieving a remarkable sensitivity of 1000 GHz/RIU in the 1.335–1.343 refractive index range. Moreover, the sensor demonstrates excellent performance metrics, including a quality factor of 11.315 and a figure of merit of 5.618 RIU–1. In addition, the sensor's capabilities were validated through electromagnetic simulations and locally weighted linear regression analysis, achieving a perfect prediction accuracy with an R2 value of 100% across multiple parametric variations. Furthermore, the design functions as a 2-bit encoder, producing distinct transmittance patterns for different binary states. Finally, the sensor's remarkable performance, combined with its practical fabrication feasibility using conventional techniques, presents a promising solution for point-of-care reproductive hormone detection and monitoring.

Graphical abstract

结合局部加权线性回归分析和2位编码能力,用于高精度生殖激素检测的石墨烯-金属超表面混合太赫兹生物传感器的设计与优化
生殖激素的检测和监测在了解生殖健康、生育治疗和内分泌失调方面起着至关重要的作用。传统的激素检测方法,如免疫测定法和色谱法,虽然准确,但往往需要复杂的样品制备、专门的实验室设置和相当长的分析时间。这就产生了对快速、灵敏和具有成本效益的检测方法的迫切需求,这些方法可以在护理点环境中实施。同时,我们在本次通信中介绍了一种新的太赫兹(THz)生物传感器设计,该设计将石墨烯,铜和银集成在工程超表面谐振器中,用于高精度生殖激素检测。所提出的结构利用石墨烯的可调谐特性以及铜和银的等离子体增强,在1.335-1.343折射率范围内实现了1000 GHz/RIU的显着灵敏度。此外,该传感器表现出优异的性能指标,包括质量因子11.315和品质系数5.618 RIU-1。此外,通过电磁模拟和局部加权线性回归分析验证了传感器的能力,在多个参数变化中实现了完美的预测精度,R2值为100%。此外,该设计还可以作为2位编码器,对不同的二进制状态产生不同的透射率模式。最后,该传感器的卓越性能,结合其使用传统技术的实际制造可行性,为即时生殖激素检测和监测提供了一个有希望的解决方案。图形抽象
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来源期刊
The European Physical Journal B
The European Physical Journal B 物理-物理:凝聚态物理
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
6.20%
发文量
184
审稿时长
5.1 months
期刊介绍: Solid State and Materials; Mesoscopic and Nanoscale Systems; Computational Methods; Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
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