Combined exposure to atrazine and phoxim exacerbated the alterations of enzyme activity and abnormal gene expression in earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI:10.1016/j.etap.2025.104713

Jinzhan Li , Jingwen Wang , Fang Shu , Nan Huang , Ru Jia , Yanhua Wang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Multiple pesticides often coexist in soil, potentially leading to interactions among their components, these may detrimentally impact soil organisms. This study assessed the potential risks posed by simultaneous exposure to atrazine (ATR) and phoxim (PHO) on enzyme and transcription levels in earthworms (Eisenia fetida). The results revealed that ATR exhibited higher acute toxicity towards E. fetida compared to PHO, and their combined exposure resulted in a synergistic acute effect. Furthermore, low concentration combined exposure significantly stimulated catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activities, which lead to more severe oxidative damage. Elevated expression levels of translationally controlled tumor protein (tctp) and calreticulin (crt) genes were observed in most exposed groups compared to the control. The synergistic effects of ATR and PHO on earthworms observed in this study may pose ecological risks to the soil ecosystem; thus, more attention should be paid to the joint effects of different pesticides.

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阿特拉津和硫辛硫磷联合暴露加剧了蚯蚓酶活性的改变和基因的异常表达。

多种农药往往在土壤中共存，可能导致其成分之间的相互作用，这些可能对土壤生物产生不利影响。本研究评估了同时暴露于阿特拉津（ATR）和辛硫磷（PHO）对蚯蚓（Eisenia fetida）酶和转录水平的潜在风险。结果表明，ATR对fetida的急性毒性高于PHO，两者的联合暴露产生了协同急性效应。此外，低浓度联合暴露显著刺激过氧化氢酶（CAT）、丙二醛（MDA）和总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）活性，导致更严重的氧化损伤。与对照组相比，大多数暴露组中翻译控制肿瘤蛋白（tctp）和钙网蛋白（crt）基因的表达水平升高。本研究观察到的ATR和PHO对蚯蚓的协同效应可能对土壤生态系统构成生态风险；因此，应更多地关注不同农药的联合效应。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology 医学-毒理学

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

4.70%

发文量

185

审稿时长

34 days

期刊介绍： Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology publishes the results of studies concerning toxic and pharmacological effects of (human and veterinary) drugs and of environmental contaminants in animals and man. Areas of special interest are: molecular mechanisms of toxicity, biotransformation and toxicokinetics (including toxicokinetic modelling), molecular, biochemical and physiological mechanisms explaining differences in sensitivity between species and individuals, the characterisation of pathophysiological models and mechanisms involved in the development of effects and the identification of biological markers that can be used to study exposure and effects in man and animals. In addition to full length papers, short communications, full-length reviews and mini-reviews, Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology will publish in depth assessments of special problem areas. The latter publications may exceed the length of a full length paper three to fourfold. A basic requirement is that the assessments are made under the auspices of international groups of leading experts in the fields concerned. The information examined may either consist of data that were already published, or of new data that were obtained within the framework of collaborative research programmes. Provision is also made for the acceptance of minireviews on (classes of) compounds, toxicities or mechanisms, debating recent advances in rapidly developing fields that fall within the scope of the journal.