Recent advances of 9-fluorenone in photoredox catalysis

IF 3.9 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Molecular Catalysis Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI:10.1016/j.mcat.2025.115169

Pritesh Khobrekar, Sandesh Bugde

引用次数: 0

Abstract

9-fluorenone has recently become a very effective photoredox catalyst for various chemical transformations. 9-fluorenone is very cheap and readily available, making it promising for versatile photocatalysts compared to transition metal complexes. This review provides a detailed account of synthetic transformations, including rearrangements, oxidations, C–H functionalization, Diels–Alder reactions, acylation, and alkylation, along with the mechanism of representative methodologies based on their general catalytic cycle utilizing 9-fluorenone as a photoredox catalyst. Additionally, the organic transformations discussed in this review align with green chemistry principles, as they avoid heavy metals, minimize waste, use cost-effective reagents, employ environmentally friendly solvents, and facilitate easy oxidation with O₂.

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9-芴酮在光氧化还原催化中的研究进展

9-芴酮近年来已成为一种非常有效的光氧化还原催化剂，用于各种化学转化。与过渡金属配合物相比，9-芴酮非常便宜且容易获得，使其成为多功能光催化剂。这篇综述提供了合成转化的详细描述，包括重排、氧化、C-H功能化、Diels-Alder反应、酰化和烷基化，以及基于9-芴酮作为光氧化还原催化剂的一般催化循环的代表性方法的机制。此外，本综述中讨论的有机转化符合绿色化学原则，因为它们避免了重金属，最大限度地减少了浪费，使用了具有成本效益的试剂，使用了环保溶剂，并且易于与O₂氧化。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Molecular Catalysis Chemical Engineering-Process Chemistry and Technology

CiteScore

6.90

自引率

10.90%

发文量

700

审稿时长

40 days

期刊介绍： Molecular Catalysis publishes full papers that are original, rigorous, and scholarly contributions examining the molecular and atomic aspects of catalytic activation and reaction mechanisms. The fields covered are: Heterogeneous catalysis including immobilized molecular catalysts Homogeneous catalysis including organocatalysis, organometallic catalysis and biocatalysis Photo- and electrochemistry Theoretical aspects of catalysis analyzed by computational methods