Endogenous LC-PUFA biosynthetic capability in dwarf surf clam Mulinia lateralis: characterization and functional analysis of fatty acyl elongases and a desaturase

IF 3.9 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI:10.1016/j.bbalip.2025.159623

Zhenghua Zheng , Na Liu , Weiping Ren , Mengjiao Liu , Ao Wang , Zujing Yang , Jingjie Hu , Zhenmin Bao , Wenqian Jiao

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Elongases of very long-chain fatty acids (Elovls) and fatty acyl desaturases (Fads) are two key enzymes in the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). Here, we identified and characterized five Elovl genes (MulElovl2/5, MulElovl4, MulElovlc, MulElovl7a, and MulElovl7b) from the genome of Mulinia lateralis, a potential model bivalve. Expression analysis revealed that MulElovl2/5, MulElovl4 and MulElovlc were highly expressed during the middle stage of embryonic development, whereas MulElovl7a and MulElovl7b peaked in mid-to-late development before declining. Tissue-specific expression showed that MulElovl2/5 and MulElovl4 were predominantly expressed in the digestive gland. Additionally, we examined the effects of dietary LC-PUFA composition on MulElovls expression by feeding M. lateralis two unialgal diets: Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Cp), rich in linoleic acid (LA, C18:2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3n-3), and Platymonas helgolandica (Ph), rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3). Notably, MulElovls were significantly upregulated in most tissues of the Cp group, suggesting a compensatory mechanism under LC-PUFA-deficient conditions. Functional assays revealed distinct substrate specificities: MulElovl2/5 elongated C18 and C20 PUFAs, while MulElovl4 and MulElovlc efficiently converted C20 to C22 PUFAs. Additionally, MulFadsB exhibited Δ6 desaturase activity, enabling the conversion of C18 PUFAs. These findings demonstrate that M. lateralis possesses endogenous biosynthetic pathways for arachidonic acid (ARA) from LA via Δ6 desaturation, elongation, and Δ5 desaturation, as well as partial elongation of EPA to C22:5n-3. Our findings provide new insights into a comparison of endogenous LC-PUFAs synthetic capabilities in mollusks and highlight M. lateralis as a valuable model for investigating lipid metabolism in marine bivalves.

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矮生蛤内源LC-PUFA生物合成能力：脂肪酰基延长酶和去饱和酶的表征和功能分析

超长链脂肪酸伸长酶（Elovls）和脂肪酸酰基去饱和酶（Fads）是长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFAs）生物合成过程中的两种关键酶。本研究从潜在的双壳类动物Mulinia lateralis基因组中鉴定并鉴定了5个Elovl基因（MulElovl2/5、MulElovl4、MulElovlc、MulElovl7a和MulElovl7b）。表达分析表明，MulElovl2/5、MulElovl4和MulElovlc在胚胎发育中期高表达，而MulElovl7a和MulElovl7b在发育中后期达到峰值，然后下降。组织特异性表达显示MulElovl2/5和MulElovl4主要表达于消化腺。此外，我们通过饲喂两种单藻饲料：富含亚油酸（LA, C18:2n-6）和α-亚麻酸（ALA, C18:3n-3）的pyrenoidosa小球藻（Cp）和富含二十碳五烯酸（EPA, C20:5n-3）的Platymonas helgolandica (Ph)，研究了饲料LC-PUFA组成对MulElovls表达的影响。值得注意的是，在Cp组的大多数组织中，MulElovls显著上调，这表明在lc - pufa缺乏的情况下存在代偿机制。功能分析显示了不同的底物特异性：MulElovl2/5延长了C18和C20 PUFAs，而MulElovl4和MulElovlc有效地将C20转化为C22 PUFAs。此外，MulFadsB具有Δ6去饱和酶活性，能够转化C18 PUFAs。这些发现表明，侧边分枝霉从LA中获得花生四烯酸（ARA）的内源性生物合成途径包括Δ6去饱和、延伸和Δ5去饱和，以及EPA对C22:5n-3的部分延伸。我们的研究结果为软体动物内源性LC-PUFAs合成能力的比较提供了新的见解，并突出了侧支链乳杆菌作为研究海洋双壳类动物脂质代谢的有价值的模型。

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来源期刊

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids 生物-生化与分子生物学

CiteScore

11.00

自引率

2.10%

发文量

109

审稿时长

53 days

期刊介绍： BBA Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids publishes papers on original research dealing with novel aspects of molecular genetics related to the lipidome, the biosynthesis of lipids, the role of lipids in cells and whole organisms, the regulation of lipid metabolism and function, and lipidomics in all organisms. Manuscripts should significantly advance the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying biological processes in which lipids are involved. Papers detailing novel methodology must report significant biochemical, molecular, or functional insight in the area of lipids.