Translational activity of 80S monosomes varies dramatically across different tissues

IF 13.1 2区生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Nucleic Acids Research Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI:10.1093/nar/gkaf292

Albert Blandy, Tayah Hopes, Elton J R Vasconcelos, Amy Turner, Bulat Fatkhullin, Michaela Agapiou, Juan Fontana, Julie L Aspden

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Abstract

Translational regulation at the stage of initiation can impact the number of ribosomes translating each mRNA molecule. However, the translational activity of single 80S ribosomes (monosomes) on mRNA is less well understood, even though these 80S monosomes represent the dominant ribosomal complexes in vivo. Here, we used cryo-EM to determine the translational activity of 80S monosomes across different tissues in Drosophila melanogaster. We discovered that while head and embryo 80S monosomes are highly translationally active, testis and ovary 80S monosomes are translationally inactive. RNA-Seq analysis of head monosome- and polysome-translated mRNAs, revealed that head 80S monosomes preferentially translate mRNAs with TOP motifs, short 5′-UTRs, short ORFs and are enriched for the presence of uORFs. Overall, these findings highlight that regulation of translation initiation and protein synthesis is mostly performed by monosomes in head and embryo, while polysomes are the main source of protein production in testis and ovary.

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不同组织中80S单体的翻译活性差异很大

起始阶段的翻译调控可以影响翻译每个mRNA分子的核糖体的数量。然而，单个80S核糖体（单体）对mRNA的翻译活性尚不清楚，尽管这些80S单体代表了体内主要的核糖体复合物。在这里，我们使用冷冻电镜（cryo-EM）来测定黑腹果蝇不同组织中80S单体的翻译活性。我们发现头部和胚胎的80S单体翻译活性高，而睾丸和卵巢的80S单体翻译活性低。对头部单体和多体翻译mrna的RNA-Seq分析显示，头部80S单体优先翻译具有TOP基序、短5 ' - utr、短orf的mrna，并因uorf的存在而富集。总之，这些发现强调了翻译起始和蛋白质合成的调节主要由头部和胚胎中的单体完成，而睾丸和卵巢中的多体是蛋白质产生的主要来源。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nucleic Acids Research 生物-生化与分子生物学

CiteScore

27.10

自引率

4.70%

发文量

1057

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Nucleic Acids Research (NAR) is a scientific journal that publishes research on various aspects of nucleic acids and proteins involved in nucleic acid metabolism and interactions. It covers areas such as chemistry and synthetic biology, computational biology, gene regulation, chromatin and epigenetics, genome integrity, repair and replication, genomics, molecular biology, nucleic acid enzymes, RNA, and structural biology. The journal also includes a Survey and Summary section for brief reviews. Additionally, each year, the first issue is dedicated to biological databases, and an issue in July focuses on web-based software resources for the biological community. Nucleic Acids Research is indexed by several services including Abstracts on Hygiene and Communicable Diseases, Animal Breeding Abstracts, Agricultural Engineering Abstracts, Agbiotech News and Information, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts, and EMBASE.