Which Factors Influence School Backpack Use Behaviours in Elementary School Students for Prevention Musculoskeletal Disorders?

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS

Child Care Health and Development Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI:10.1111/cch.70077

Maryam Afshari, Forouzan Rezapur-Shahkolai, Lili Tapak, Elham Najafi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Backpacks are the most popular means of carrying books and supplies for students. However, excessive weight of school bags can lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in students. Parents play an important role in providing standard bags and supervising how students carry their school bags. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is one of the important models for examining the factors associated with these disorders. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with backpack use behaviours in elementary school students and the relationship between these factors and musculoskeletal disorders.

Methods

The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted in elementary schools of Hamadan city (west of Iran) from September to December 2023. The study population consisted of 500 pairs of elementary school students (grades 1 to 6) and their parents. Participants in the study were selected through multi-stage sampling. Data collection tools included a researcher-made questionnaire for parents and students based on HBM, the standard Cornell questionnaire, and an observation checklist, which were completed through interviews and observations. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and AMOS v.24 statistical software.

Results

The results showed that only 6.5% of students had musculoskeletal disorders, with 13% of students experiencing pain and discomfort in the neck area 1–2 times in the past week. There was a statistically significant relationship between body mass index, school area and perceived susceptibility with the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in students (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between self-reported and observed behaviours in students (p = 0.001). Self-efficacy (β = 0.920, p = 0.008) and perceived benefits (β = 0.740, p = 0.001) had a significant and positive impact on the behaviours of using a school backpack, but the perceived severity (β = −0.150, p = 0.040) and cues to action (β = −0.390, p = 0.001) had negative significant relation with the behaviours of using a school backpack.

Conclusion

The study reveals that multiple factors influence the use of school backpacks and related behaviours among students. The findings underscore the need for teaching correct backpack usage to students and parents and suggest that educational strategies in schools should be improved to prevent musculoskeletal disorders.

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哪些因素影响小学生使用书包预防肌肉骨骼疾病的行为？

书包是学生携带书籍和学习用品最常用的工具。然而，过重的书包会导致学生肌肉骨骼疾病（MSDs）。家长在提供标准书包和监督学生如何携带书包方面发挥着重要作用。健康信念模型（HBM）是研究这些疾病相关因素的重要模型之一。本研究旨在确定小学生书包使用行为的相关因素，以及这些因素与肌肉骨骼疾病的关系。方法采用横断面研究方法，于2023年9月至12月在伊朗西部哈马丹市小学进行调查。研究对象包括500对小学生（1至6年级）及其父母。研究对象采用多阶段抽样的方法进行选择。数据收集工具包括一份基于HBM的家长和学生问卷，一份标准的康奈尔问卷，以及一份观察清单，通过访谈和观察完成。采用SPSS和AMOS v.24统计软件进行数据分析。结果结果显示，仅有6.5%的学生患有肌肉骨骼疾病，13%的学生在过去一周内有1-2次颈部疼痛和不适。体重指数、学校面积、感知易感性与学生肌肉骨骼疾病患病率的关系有统计学意义（p < 0.05）。学生自我报告的行为与观察到的行为之间存在统计学上的显著差异（p = 0.001）。自我效能感（β = 0.920, p = 0.008）和感知利益感（β = 0.740, p = 0.001）对学生书包使用行为有显著的正向影响，而感知严重性（β = - 0.150, p = 0.040）和行为提示（β = - 0.390, p = 0.001）对学生书包使用行为有显著的负向影响。结论本研究揭示了影响学生书包使用及相关行为的多重因素。研究结果强调了教育学生和家长正确使用书包的必要性，并建议改善学校的教育策略，以预防肌肉骨骼疾病。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Child Care Health and Development 医学-小儿科

CiteScore

3.40

自引率

5.30%

发文量

136

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Child: care, health and development is an international, peer-reviewed journal which publishes papers dealing with all aspects of the health and development of children and young people. We aim to attract quantitative and qualitative research papers relevant to people from all disciplines working in child health. We welcome studies which examine the effects of social and environmental factors on health and development as well as those dealing with clinical issues, the organization of services and health policy. We particularly encourage the submission of studies related to those who are disadvantaged by physical, developmental, emotional and social problems. The journal also aims to collate important research findings and to provide a forum for discussion of global child health issues.