Temperature-dependent mechanical properties and material modifications of carbon fiber composites for optimized structures in high-end industrial applications

IF 12.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI:10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112602

Yun-Hae Kim , Sanjay Kumar , Xiaoqi Li , Se-Yoon Kim , Do-Hoon Shin

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Abstract

This review investigates the mechanical performance and environmental durability of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites, covering thermoplastic (e.g., CF/PEKK) and thermoset (e.g., carbon/epoxy) systems under varying temperature, mechanical, and geometric conditions, while highlighting advanced material modification strategies. At cryogenic temperatures, CF/PEKK composites demonstrate notable improvements in interlaminar shear strength (up to 42 % at −196 °C), tensile strength (2403 MPa vs. 2274 MPa at RT), and flexural modulus (142 GPa at −196 °C), driven by matrix stiffening and improved fiber-matrix interactions, making them promising for aerospace and cryogenic applications. Pre-bending induces micro-cracking, reducing flexural modulus by up to 24 %, though low temperatures mitigate the damage. CF/PEKK composites also show robust Mode II toughness (4800 J/m²). Interfacial engineering, such as thermoplastic film interleaving (PEI, PEEK), significantly enhances fracture toughness in thermoset composites, with PEEK-modified laminates achieving a 248 % increase in Mode I initiation toughness (1600 J/m²). Geometric optimization improves joint performance; CF/PEKK bolted joints with a width-to-hole diameter (W/D) ratio of 4 attain a bearing strength of ∼900 MPa at low temperatures, while higher W/D ratios shift failure modes and increase peak loads by 65.4 % (5.08 kN). Incorporating 0.5 wt% halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) to PEI adhesives improves lap shear strength by 12.5 %. Similarly, amorphous HNTs into carbon/epoxy composites reduces moisture absorption by 66 % and boosts flexural strength (3141 MPa). These findings underscore the critical role of strategic material selection, processing optimization, and fiber-matrix interface engineering in maximizing composite performance. Future work should explore bio-based matrices, nanomaterials, and 3D printing for greater sustainability and performance.

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用于高端工业应用的碳纤维复合材料优化结构的温度依赖机械性能和材料改性

本文研究了碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料的机械性能和环境耐久性，包括热塑性（如CF/PEKK）和热固性（如碳/环氧树脂）系统在不同温度、机械和几何条件下的性能，同时重点介绍了先进的材料改性策略。在低温下，CF/PEKK复合材料在层间剪切强度（- 196°C时高达42%）、抗拉强度（2403 MPa vs. 2274 MPa）和弯曲模量（- 196°C时142 GPa）方面表现出显著的改善，这是由于基体硬化和纤维-基体相互作用的改善，使其在航空航天和低温应用中具有前景。预弯曲会引起微裂纹，减少24%的弯曲模量，尽管低温可以减轻损伤。CF/PEKK复合材料也表现出稳健的II型韧性（4800 J/m2）。界面工程，如热塑性薄膜交错（PEI， PEEK），显著提高了热固性复合材料的断裂韧性，PEEK改性层合板的I型起始韧性提高了248% （1600 J/m2）。几何优化提高关节性能；CF/PEKK螺栓连接的宽度与孔直径（W/D）比为4，在低温下的承载强度为~ 900 MPa，而更高的W/D比改变了失效模式，峰值载荷增加了65.4% （5.08 kN）。将0.5 wt%的高岭土纳米管（HNTs）掺入PEI胶粘剂中，可使搭接剪切强度提高12.5%。同样，将无定形HNTs加入到碳/环氧复合材料中，可以减少66%的吸湿性，提高抗弯强度（3141 MPa）。这些发现强调了战略性材料选择、工艺优化和纤维-基质界面工程在最大化复合材料性能中的关键作用。未来的工作应该探索生物基基质、纳米材料和3D打印，以获得更大的可持续性和性能。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Composites Part B: Engineering 工程技术-材料科学：复合

CiteScore

24.40

自引率

11.50%

发文量

784

审稿时长

21 days

期刊介绍： Composites Part B: Engineering is a journal that publishes impactful research of high quality on composite materials. This research is supported by fundamental mechanics and materials science and engineering approaches. The targeted research can cover a wide range of length scales, ranging from nano to micro and meso, and even to the full product and structure level. The journal specifically focuses on engineering applications that involve high performance composites. These applications can range from low volume and high cost to high volume and low cost composite development. The main goal of the journal is to provide a platform for the prompt publication of original and high quality research. The emphasis is on design, development, modeling, validation, and manufacturing of engineering details and concepts. The journal welcomes both basic research papers and proposals for review articles. Authors are encouraged to address challenges across various application areas. These areas include, but are not limited to, aerospace, automotive, and other surface transportation. The journal also covers energy-related applications, with a focus on renewable energy. Other application areas include infrastructure, off-shore and maritime projects, health care technology, and recreational products.