Toxicological risk assessment and sources of heavy metal(loid)s using compositional data analysis, Astore River Basin, Himalaya

IF 4.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Marine pollution bulletin Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118065

Wajid Ali , Said Muhammad , Cem Tokatli , Ashfaq Ahmad , Zhang Luyuan

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Abstract

Himalayan rivers were observed to be more vulnerable having irregular water flows, flooding, and contamination due to various stresses, including climate change, urbanization, and industrial development. This study investigated the occurrence, sources, ecological, and health-based ramifications for heavy metal(loid)s (HM), i.e., As, Cu, Zn, Co, Pb, Sb, Cr, Cd, Mn, and Ni in the Astore river basin (ARB), Himalayas, Pakistan. Results of HM contamination index (HCI) estimations suggested that 2.43 %, 12.2 %, and 24.4 % of water samples from the Astore and Rupal valleys may pose strong, moderate, and low toxicity risks, respectively. Pb, Cu, and Cd contribute more to the aquatic toxicity than any other HM included in the ecological risk index (ERI) estimations. Children are the most vulnerable age group to health ailments caused by HM. Statistical analyses revealed that geogenic sources mainly contribute to HM, except for Ni and Cr, which are mainly derived from anthropic sources in ARB.

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基于成分数据分析的重金属（样物质）毒理学风险评估及来源，喜马拉雅山阿斯托河流域

喜马拉雅河流在气候变化、城市化和工业发展等各种压力下更容易受到不规则水流、洪水和污染的影响。研究了巴基斯坦喜玛拉雅地区阿斯托尔河流域As、Cu、Zn、Co、Pb、Sb、Cr、Cd、Mn和Ni重金属（样态）s （HM）的分布、来源、生态和健康影响。HM污染指数（HCI）估算结果显示，阿斯托雷河谷和鲁帕尔河谷的水样分别有2.43%、12.2%和24.4%可能具有强、中、低毒性风险。在生态风险指数（ERI）评估中，铅、铜和镉对水生毒性的贡献大于其他重金属。儿童是HM引起的健康疾病最脆弱的年龄组。统计分析表明，除Ni和Cr主要来源于人为源外，其它主要来源于地源。

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来源期刊

Marine pollution bulletin 环境科学-海洋与淡水生物学

CiteScore

10.20

自引率

15.50%

发文量

1077

审稿时长

68 days

期刊介绍： Marine Pollution Bulletin is concerned with the rational use of maritime and marine resources in estuaries, the seas and oceans, as well as with documenting marine pollution and introducing new forms of measurement and analysis. A wide range of topics are discussed as news, comment, reviews and research reports, not only on effluent disposal and pollution control, but also on the management, economic aspects and protection of the marine environment in general.