Surface micro/nano-biomimetic structures regulate cellular energy metabolism to induce tissue regeneration

Abstract

Energy metabolism serves as a critical means through which the body modulates cellular differentiation and tissue regeneration processes, while the strategy of using materials to reprogram it for tissue regeneration remains a significant challenge. Here, we utilized plasma-induced technology to develop a hierarchical micro-nano-porous structure with bone-like heterogeneous properties on the surface of bioinert material. The in vitro studies indicated that the biomimetic morphology can influence the mitochondrion around the microtubules in BMSCs via stretching its cytoskeleton, which further triggers the intracellular oxidative phosphorylation pathway, thereby elevating ATP production and inducing cell osteogenic differentiation. Following implantation in rat femoral condyles and goat intervertebral defects, the implants rapidly promote interfacial osseointegration and induce bone regeneration. This study not only presents a novel strategy to address the clinical issue of biomaterials implantation failure but also provides valuable insights into the influence of material morphology on cellular metabolic energy and its underlying mechanisms.