Cross-contamination and antimicrobial resistance in diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. from a mixed bovine and swine slaughterhouse

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Control Pub Date : 2025-05-04 DOI:10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111406

Lorena Natalino Haber Garcia , Sthéfany da Cunha Dias , Leticia Roberta Martins Costa , Rafaela de Melo Tavares , Rafaela da Silva Rodrigues , Monique Ribeiro Tiba-Casas , Marcus Vinicius Coutinho Cossi , Luís Augusto Nero , Ricardo Seiti Yamatogi

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Abstract

Mixed abattoirs, where swine and beef cattle are processed in the same facility, are common in Brazil. This practice can increase the risk of cross-contamination because of the similar slaughter steps used for both species, potentially resulting in contaminated and unsafe final products. This study investigated routes of cross-contamination in a mixed-species slaughterhouse processing both beef cattle and swine. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) and Salmonella were examined at various stages of the slaughter process. Pathotypes, Shiga toxin subtypes, phylogroups, and serogroups O157, O104, and the “big six” were identified in E. coli isolates. Salmonella isolates were screened for eight virulence genes (pefA, spvC, sipA, sopB, sefA, spaN, pagC, and spvB). All isolates were tested for antimicrobial resistance via breakpoint assays against amoxicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ceftiofur, and ciprofloxacin. In total, 597 E. coli isolates were obtained, of which 33 were identified as DEC. Among these, 58 % were classified as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), 30 % as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), 6 % as enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), and 6 % as enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). Of the 21 STEC isolates subjected to polymerase chain reaction for gene detection, 52.4 % harbored stx1, 66.6 % stx2, and 14.3 % both, with stx1a, stx2c, and stx2d being the most frequent subtypes. Phylogroup B1 was the most commonly identified. Seventeen Salmonella isolates—S. Tennessee, S. 4,5,12:i: , and rugose S. enterica—were recovered, with 12 from swine and 5 from cattle. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis revealed evidence of cross-contamination during swine slaughter (post-bleeding, scalding, and evisceration) and circulation of the same serovars between cattle and swine. These findings indicate that cross-contamination can occur at multiple stages within the slaughterhouse process, particularly in mixed-species facilities where such risks are amplified.

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牛猪混合屠宰场致泻性大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的交叉污染和抗菌素耐药性

在巴西，猪和肉牛在同一设施中加工的混合屠宰场很常见。这种做法可能增加交叉污染的风险，因为这两个物种使用了相似的屠宰步骤，可能导致污染和不安全的最终产品。本研究调查了加工肉牛和猪的混合种屠宰场的交叉污染途径。在屠宰过程的各个阶段检测致泻性大肠杆菌（DEC）和沙门氏菌。在大肠杆菌分离株中鉴定出致病性、志贺毒素亚型、系统群和血清群O157、O104和“六大”。筛选沙门氏菌8个毒力基因（pefA、spvC、sipA、sopB、sefA、spaN、pagC和spvB）。通过断点试验检测所有分离株对阿莫西林、四环素、氯霉素、甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑、头孢替弗和环丙沙星的耐药性。共分离得到597株大肠杆菌，其中鉴定为12型大肠杆菌33株，其中产志贺毒素大肠杆菌（STEC）占58%，肠致病性大肠杆菌（EPEC）占30%，肠出血性大肠杆菌（EHEC）占6%，产肠毒素大肠杆菌（ETEC）占6%。在21株经聚合酶链反应进行基因检测的产大肠杆菌分离株中，52.4%携带stx1, 66.6%携带stx2, 14.3%携带stxx2，其中stx1a、stx2c和stx2d是最常见的亚型。系统群B1是最常见的。17株分离沙门氏菌其中猪12例，牛5例，猪4例，猪5例。脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）分析揭示了猪屠宰过程中（出血、烫伤和去内脏后）交叉污染的证据，以及牛和猪之间相同血清型的循环。这些发现表明，交叉污染可能发生在屠宰场过程中的多个阶段，特别是在混合物种设施中，这种风险被放大。

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来源期刊

Food Control 工程技术-食品科技

CiteScore

12.20

自引率

6.70%

发文量

758

审稿时长

33 days

期刊介绍： Food Control is an international journal that provides essential information for those involved in food safety and process control. Food Control covers the below areas that relate to food process control or to food safety of human foods: • Microbial food safety and antimicrobial systems • Mycotoxins • Hazard analysis, HACCP and food safety objectives • Risk assessment, including microbial and chemical hazards • Quality assurance • Good manufacturing practices • Food process systems design and control • Food Packaging technology and materials in contact with foods • Rapid methods of analysis and detection, including sensor technology • Codes of practice, legislation and international harmonization • Consumer issues • Education, training and research needs. The scope of Food Control is comprehensive and includes original research papers, authoritative reviews, short communications, comment articles that report on new developments in food control, and position papers.