A sensor based on multilayer-arranged Hall elements for MFL detection of broken wires in bridge cables

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI:10.1016/j.sna.2025.116668

Lingsi Sun, Junjie Wang, Zhiwei Tao, Shuyu Duan, Xinjun Wu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Non-destructive testing (NDT) of cable-supported bridges is crucial for ensuring their safe and reliable operation. However, detecting internal broken wires using traditional Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) testing remains a challenge due to the low Signal-to-Background Ratio (SBR). To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel sensor composed of multilayer-arranged Hall elements (MAHE) based on the Radial Differential Magnetic Flux Leakage (RDMFL) principle, aiming for effective detection of broken wires at various depths within the cable. The RDMFL method detects damage by superimposing the differences in magnetic flux density measured at multiple radial points and identifying local peaks in the combined signals. A theoretical expression for the RDMFL signal is derived, and the influence of MAHE sensor structural parameters on both SBR and amplitude enhancement of broken wire signals is analyzed. Finite element simulations are used to verify performance improvements and identify the optimal structural parameters. Experimental results on a cable specimen demonstrated that the MAHE sensor-equipped testing system effectively detected single broken wires positioned in layers 1–7 of a PES7–127 specification cable (comprising 127 steel wires, each with a 7 mm diameter). Meanwhile, a preliminary image of all broken wires within the cable specimen was generated, providing a clear magnetic field visualization of the damages. Finally, the detection capability of the MAHE sensor was analyzed using a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, and the optimized threshold for identifying broken wires was determined.

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基于多层排列霍尔元件的桥式电缆断线漏磁检测传感器

索桥的无损检测是保证索桥安全可靠运行的关键。然而，由于低信本比（SBR），使用传统的漏磁（MFL）检测内部断线仍然是一个挑战。针对这一问题，本文提出了一种基于径向差动漏磁（RDMFL）原理的多层霍尔元件（MAHE）传感器，旨在有效检测电缆内不同深度的断线。RDMFL方法通过叠加多个径向点测得的磁通密度差并识别组合信号中的局部峰值来检测损伤。推导了RDMFL信号的理论表达式，分析了MAHE传感器结构参数对断线信号SBR和幅度增强的影响。采用有限元模拟验证了性能改进并确定了最优结构参数。电缆样品的实验结果表明，配备MAHE传感器的测试系统有效地检测到位于PES7-127规格电缆（由127根钢丝组成，每根直径为7 mm）的1-7层中的单根断线。同时，生成电缆试样内所有断线的初步图像，提供清晰的损伤磁场可视化。最后，利用接收机工作特性（Receiver Operating Characteristic， ROC）曲线分析MAHE传感器的检测能力，确定最佳断线识别阈值。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Sensors and Actuators A-physical 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

6.50%

发文量

630

审稿时长

49 days

期刊介绍： Sensors and Actuators A: Physical brings together multidisciplinary interests in one journal entirely devoted to disseminating information on all aspects of research and development of solid-state devices for transducing physical signals. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical regularly publishes original papers, letters to the Editors and from time to time invited review articles within the following device areas: • Fundamentals and Physics, such as: classification of effects, physical effects, measurement theory, modelling of sensors, measurement standards, measurement errors, units and constants, time and frequency measurement. Modeling papers should bring new modeling techniques to the field and be supported by experimental results. • Materials and their Processing, such as: piezoelectric materials, polymers, metal oxides, III-V and II-VI semiconductors, thick and thin films, optical glass fibres, amorphous, polycrystalline and monocrystalline silicon. • Optoelectronic sensors, such as: photovoltaic diodes, photoconductors, photodiodes, phototransistors, positron-sensitive photodetectors, optoisolators, photodiode arrays, charge-coupled devices, light-emitting diodes, injection lasers and liquid-crystal displays. • Mechanical sensors, such as: metallic, thin-film and semiconductor strain gauges, diffused silicon pressure sensors, silicon accelerometers, solid-state displacement transducers, piezo junction devices, piezoelectric field-effect transducers (PiFETs), tunnel-diode strain sensors, surface acoustic wave devices, silicon micromechanical switches, solid-state flow meters and electronic flow controllers. Etc...