Unraveling the Serum Protein Landscape in Celiac Disease: Current Evidence and Future Directions

IF 2.7 4区医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY

Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI:10.1002/iid3.70169

Sajjad Bakhtiari, Behrooz Ahmadi, Nastaran Asri, Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani, Somayeh Jahani-Sherafat, Andrea Masotti, Mohammad Rostami-Nejad

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Abstract

Background

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to gluten, leading to intestinal inflammation and various clinical manifestations. Serum proteins are increasingly recognized as potential biomarkers in CD, reflecting inflammation, malabsorption, and immune activation.

Objective

This review aims to elucidate the role of serum proteins in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of CD, emphasizing their potential as noninvasive biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Methods

A comprehensive review of current literature was conducted, focusing on key serum proteins such as albumin, transthyretin (TTR), transferrin, β2-microglobulin (β2M), C-reactive protein (CRP), and immunoglobulins. Their alterations in CD and their relevance to disease activity, nutritional status, and treatment response were examined.

Results

CD-related inflammation leads to increased acute-phase proteins (e.g., CRP) and decreased transport proteins (e.g., albumin, TTR, transferrin), contributing to malnutrition and anemia. TTR serves as a sensitive marker of nutritional status, while transferrin levels correlate with iron deficiency, a common CD complication. Immunoglobulin profiles reflect immune responses to gluten. These proteins provide insights into CD pathophysiology and offer potential utility for diagnosis and monitoring.

Conclusion

Serum proteins represent promising biomarkers for CD diagnosis and management, with potential for integration into clinical practice. Further research is necessary to validate their utility in routine patient care and explore their role in personalized therapeutic strategies.

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揭示乳糜泻的血清蛋白格局：目前的证据和未来的方向

乳糜泻（Celiac disease， CD）是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病，其特征是对谷蛋白的异常免疫反应，导致肠道炎症和各种临床表现。血清蛋白越来越被认为是CD的潜在生物标志物，反映炎症、吸收不良和免疫激活。目的本文旨在阐明血清蛋白在乳糜泻发病、诊断和治疗中的作用，强调其作为无创生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜力。方法综合文献综述，重点分析白蛋白、转甲状腺素（TTR）、转铁蛋白、β2-微球蛋白（β2M）、c反应蛋白（CRP）、免疫球蛋白等关键血清蛋白。研究了他们在CD中的改变及其与疾病活动性、营养状况和治疗反应的相关性。结果cd相关性炎症导致急性期蛋白（如CRP）升高，转运蛋白（如白蛋白、TTR、转铁蛋白）降低，导致营养不良和贫血。TTR是营养状况的敏感标志，而转铁蛋白水平与缺铁有关，缺铁是一种常见的CD并发症。免疫球蛋白谱反映了对谷蛋白的免疫反应。这些蛋白质提供了对乳糜泻病理生理学的深入了解，并为诊断和监测提供了潜在的实用价值。结论血清蛋白是诊断和治疗乳糜泻的重要生物标志物，具有应用于临床的潜力。需要进一步的研究来验证它们在日常患者护理中的效用，并探索它们在个性化治疗策略中的作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Medicine-Immunology and Allergy

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

146

审稿时长

8 weeks

期刊介绍： Immunity, Inflammation and Disease is a peer-reviewed, open access, interdisciplinary journal providing rapid publication of research across the broad field of immunology. Immunity, Inflammation and Disease gives rapid consideration to papers in all areas of clinical and basic research. The journal is indexed in Medline and the Science Citation Index Expanded (part of Web of Science), among others. It welcomes original work that enhances the understanding of immunology in areas including: • cellular and molecular immunology • clinical immunology • allergy • immunochemistry • immunogenetics • immune signalling • immune development • imaging • mathematical modelling • autoimmunity • transplantation immunology • cancer immunology