Associations between metals and metalloids, oxidative stress and genotoxicity in Nurse sharks Ginglymostoma cirratum from the Brazilian Amazon Coast

IF 8.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179530

Mateus Brandão Marques , Emilly Vitória Ferreira Reis , Pedro Felipe Pereira Gonzaga , Jamerson Aguiar-Santos , Vanessa Baptista Pedrosa , Jorge Luiz Silva Nunes , Tatiana Dillenburg Saint'Pierre , Marianna Basso Jorge , Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis , Ricardo Luvizotto-Santos

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Abstract

Elasmobranch populations have significantly declined in recent decades due to anthropogenic activities, with chemical contamination comprising one of the main threats to this group. Although some biochemical biomarkers have been utilized to assess elasmobranch health, especially concerning metal and metalloid contamination, associations with genotoxic biomarkers are still scarce and non-existent for Brazilian Amazon coast sharks. Herein, metals, metalloids, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), metallothionein (MT), and nuclear anomalies (micronucleus, nuclear buds, and bilobed cells) were determined in gills, liver, and muscle tissues of Nurse sharks (Ginglymostoma cirratum) from the São Marcos Estuarine Complex, Maranhão, Brazil. Females exhibited significantly higher As concentrations in muscle (23.14 ± 13.98 μg g^-1) and gills (4.53 ± 2.10 μg g^-1) compared to males (3.98 ± 2.61 μg g^-1 and 1.51 ± 0.41 μg g^-1, respectively) (p < 0.05). Males showed higher Se concentrations in muscle (0.52 ± 0.02 μg g^-1) compared to females (0.32 ± 0.09 μg g^-1) (p < 0.05), while Rb levels were higher in male liver (0.28 ± 0.05 μg g^-1) than in females (0.18 ± 0.04 μg g^-1) (p = 0.001). No significant differences were observed for Hg, Ti or rare earth elements (Ce and La) between sexes (p > 0.05). Higher GSH concentrations and GST activities were noted in gills and liver, while MT concentrations were higher in muscle. Low genotoxic damage frequency was observed, likely due to the species' sedentary lifestyle and efficient DNA repair system. Moderate to strong correlations between metals/metalloids and biochemical/genotoxic responses were detected, particularly in females, highlighting the protective role of GST against DNA damage. Protective effects of Se against Hg were observed in the liver. Metal concentrations did not exceed regulatory limits, although bioaccumulation patterns and physiological responses suggest that Nurse sharks are exposed to environmental contamination, with As and Se accumulation.

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巴西亚马逊海岸护士鲨的金属和类金属、氧化应激和遗传毒性之间的关系

近几十年来，由于人类活动的影响，白鱀豚种群数量显著下降，化学污染是该种群面临的主要威胁之一。尽管一些生物化学标志物已被用于评估蓝鳃鲨的健康状况，特别是金属和类金属污染，但与巴西亚马逊海岸鲨鱼的基因毒性生物标志物的关联仍然很少，甚至不存在。本文对来自巴西maranh的 o Marcos河口复合体的护士鲨（Ginglymostoma cirratum）的鳃、肝脏和肌肉组织中的金属、类金属、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、谷胱甘肽s -转移酶（GST）、金属硫蛋白（MT）和核异常（微核、核芽和双叶细胞）进行了检测。雌性鱼的肌肉和鳃中砷浓度分别为23.14±13.98 μg -1和4.53±2.10 μg -1，显著高于雄性鱼（分别为3.98±2.61和1.51±0.41 μg -1） (p <；0.05)。雄鼠肌肉中硒含量（0.52±0.02 μg -1）高于雌鼠（0.32±0.09 μg -1） (p <；男性肝脏Rb水平（0.28±0.05 μg -1）高于女性（0.18±0.04 μg -1）（p = 0.001）。汞、钛和稀土元素（Ce和La）在两性间无显著差异(p >；0.05)。鳃和肝脏中GSH浓度和GST活性较高，而肌肉中MT浓度较高。观察到的基因毒性损伤频率较低，可能是由于该物种久坐不动的生活方式和高效的DNA修复系统。检测到金属/类金属与生物化学/遗传毒性反应之间存在中等到强烈的相关性，特别是在女性中，突出了GST对DNA损伤的保护作用。在肝脏中观察到硒对汞的保护作用。尽管生物积累模式和生理反应表明护士鲨暴露于环境污染中，具有砷和硒积累，但金属浓度并未超过规定限制。

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来源期刊

Science of the Total Environment 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

17.60

自引率

10.20%

发文量

8726

审稿时长

2.4 months

期刊介绍： The Science of the Total Environment is an international journal dedicated to scientific research on the environment and its interaction with humanity. It covers a wide range of disciplines and seeks to publish innovative, hypothesis-driven, and impactful research that explores the entire environment, including the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and anthroposphere. The journal's updated Aims & Scope emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary environmental research with broad impact. Priority is given to studies that advance fundamental understanding and explore the interconnectedness of multiple environmental spheres. Field studies are preferred, while laboratory experiments must demonstrate significant methodological advancements or mechanistic insights with direct relevance to the environment.