Valorization of fishery byproducts as a sustainable development strategy: Health-beneficial activity with an emphasis on anticancer peptides and stabilization through encapsulation in liposomal systems

Abstract

Approximately 20–80% of marine processing results in waste in the marine processing industries. These by-products are rich in healthy compounds, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, bioactive peptides, minerals, and glycosaminoglycans. These by-products result in environmental pollution problems and high economic losses to the marine processing industry. Thus, the recovery of bioactive compounds from marine waste is attracting interest as an acceptable valorization strategy, providing an excellent source for producing high-value-added compounds, increasing the efficiency of the fish industry, boosting the economy, and reducing environmental pollution and sustainability concerns. Among these compounds, bioactive peptides with high anticancer potential have provided a novel and promising prospect for cancer treatment with fewer or no side effects compared to chemical drugs. Despite the health-beneficial properties of fishery bioactive compounds, their wide application in pharmaceutical and food fields is restricted owing to their physicochemical instability, bitter taste, low solubility, and uncontrolled delivery. One promising solution to these challenges is encapsulation in liposomal systems. Thus, the aim of this review is to provide a general overview of the potential of fishery by-products for extracting bioactive compounds as a sustainable development. Also, the possibility of the liposomal systems for stabilizing these bioactive compounds is discussed. As a result, according to the related studies, the fishery by-products, which are usually considered waste, contain various valuable bioactive compounds that can be exploited in food and pharmaceutical use. So, developing suitable carriers to protect these bioactive compounds from undesirable conditions is imperative. Nano liposomal systems are one of the best systems for the encapsulation of fishery bioactive compounds. Almost all studies suggest that the incorporation of fishery bioactive compounds into liposomal vesicles can effectively improve their stability and lead to controlled delivery. Generally, further studies on the comparison of nanoliposome carriers to other systems and more in-vivo studies are needed to find the best systems.