Evaluating shelter suitability during nuclear accidents using the TOPSIS multi-criteria decision-making method

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the suitability of administrative districts containing designated evacuation shelters in the Busan and Ulsan metropolitan regions, near the Kori, Saeul, and Wolsong Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) in the Republic of Korea. Using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method, the analysis incorporates key criteria such as proximity to NPPs, shelter capacity relative to population, and risk factors associated with wind direction. Population data, shelter locations, and five years of meteorological records were integrated to assess district suitability under varying seasonal and time-of-day conditions. The study highlights the significant role of dynamic meteorological factors in influencing the dispersion patterns of radioactive materials and emphasizes the necessity of incorporating these factors into district evaluations. The results identify the most suitable administrative districts for shelter placement, offering valuable insights for strengthening nuclear disaster preparedness and emergency response strategies. Additionally, the findings provide a foundation for local governments to enhance shelter safety and accessibility through strategic planning. This study demonstrates the importance of integrating environmental factors and capacity planning into district assessments, ultimately contributing to improved public safety and resilience in the event of a nuclear accident.