Hexamethylphosphoramide as a flame-retardant additive in electrolytes for graphite dual-ion batteries: Coupling electrode/electrolyte interfacial evolution with electrochemical properties

IF 3.9 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: B Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI:10.1016/j.mseb.2025.118380

Jia Min Goh , Woon Gie Chong , Jia Yan Kam , Zie Zin Khoo , Muhammad Zhafran Zakaria , Vannajan Sanghiran Lee , Nay Ming Huang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Organic phosphoramides such as hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) are recognized for their flame- retardant properties in battery electrolyte applications. However, the addition of flame retardant often compromises electrochemical performance due to the side reactions at electrode/electrolyte interface. In this work, HMPA was explored as a flame retardant in dual-ion batteries (DIBs). The concentration of HMPA and its influence on the thermal stability and electrochemical performance of an electrolyte solution of 3.5 M LiPF₆ in ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) are systematically studied. Remarkably, the addition of just 0.1 wt% of HMPA renders a non-flammable electrolyte while maintaining electrochemical performance comparable to the conventional electrolyte at room temperature. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed different compositions of electrolyte decomposition products at the cathode electrolyte interface (CEI). This study elaborates on the correlation between electrochemical performance and the nature of the CEI formed with the HMPA additive on anion-intercalated graphite, offering insights into the rational design of electrolytes for optimizing battery safety.

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六甲基磷酰胺作为石墨双离子电池电解质的阻燃添加剂：耦合电极/电解质界面演变与电化学性能

有机磷酰胺如六甲基磷酰胺（HMPA）因其阻燃性能在电池电解液中的应用而得到认可。然而，由于在电极/电解质界面上的副反应，阻燃剂的加入往往会影响电化学性能。本研究探讨了HMPA作为双离子电池（DIBs）的阻燃剂。系统研究了HMPA浓度对3.5 M LiPF6电解质溶液在碳酸甲酯（EMC）中的热稳定性和电化学性能的影响。值得注意的是，仅添加0.1 wt%的HMPA就可以使电解质不易燃，同时在室温下保持与传统电解质相当的电化学性能。x射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析揭示了阴极电解质界面（CEI）电解质分解产物的不同组成。本研究阐述了HMPA添加剂在阴离子插层石墨上形成的CEI的电化学性能与性质之间的相关性，为合理设计电解质以优化电池安全性提供了见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Materials Science and Engineering: B 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

5.60

自引率

2.80%

发文量

481

审稿时长

3.5 months

期刊介绍： The journal provides an international medium for the publication of theoretical and experimental studies and reviews related to the electronic, electrochemical, ionic, magnetic, optical, and biosensing properties of solid state materials in bulk, thin film and particulate forms. Papers dealing with synthesis, processing, characterization, structure, physical properties and computational aspects of nano-crystalline, crystalline, amorphous and glassy forms of ceramics, semiconductors, layered insertion compounds, low-dimensional compounds and systems, fast-ion conductors, polymers and dielectrics are viewed as suitable for publication. Articles focused on nano-structured aspects of these advanced solid-state materials will also be considered suitable.