Changing the triglyceride diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome for African Americans

Abstract

The incidence and prevalence of metabolic syndrome has been increasing globally with no signs of abating. Individuals with metabolic syndrome are at increased risk of multiple comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Studies show that there is a paradoxical relationship in African Americans however, as they experience a higher rate of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus despite having a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome when compared to whites. The triglyceride paradox, an unusual phenomenon in which African Americans consistently express a more normal triglyceride status even when having conditions known to be characterized by high triglyceride levels, is believed to account for this paradoxical relationship. In this manuscript, we review the history and pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome while also discussing the importance of the triglyceride paradox in explaining the inverse relationship that exists between metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus in African Americans. In addition, we advocate for decreasing the triglyceride cutoff value when diagnosing metabolic syndrome in this population to more precisely determine who is at risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.