Synergistic effects of Azolla and a nitrification inhibitor on gaseous nitrogen losses, rice grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109944

Guoying Yang , Huiquan Wang , Dongxiang Gu , Chuanhui Zhang , Simei Zhang , Bo Xu , Kun Huang , Kejun Gu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Context

The application of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) is considered an efficient measure for reducing N₂O emission; however, it increases NH₃ volatilization from paddy fields, which may be resolved by the application of Azolla.

Objective

This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that Azolla can mitigate the increased risk of ammonia volatilization caused by NI application and simultaneously reduce N₂O emission and to examine the combined effects of Azolla and NI on rice grain yield and nitrogen (N) use efficiency.

Methods

We conducted a 2-year field experiment involving five treatments (control, with urea [U], urea + Azolla [A] [UA], urea + NI [UNI] and urea + Azolla + NI [UANI]) to elucidate the effects of the combined application of Azolla and NI on gaseous N losses, rice grain yield as well as N absorption and utilization.

Results

We found that compared with the U treatment, the total and yield-scaled NH₃ volatilization increased on average by 14.1 % and 6.0 % under the UNI treatment but decreased by 21.2 % and 29.4 % under the UA treatment and by 11.3 % and 21.0 % under the UANI treatment, which was mainly attributed to the lower NH₄⁺-N concentration, pH value and soil urease activity. The UA treatment had no considerable effect on N₂O emission. The UNI and UANI treatments markedly decreased the total and yield-scaled N₂O emissions by 24.0 % and 33.6 % and by 36.3 % and 49.9 %, respectively, compared with the U treatment largely because of the lower NO₃⁻ concentration and soil nitrate reductase activity. UANI was more effective in improving rice yield, apparent N recovery efficiency (ANRE) and N agronomic efficiency (11.8 %, 60.6 % and 44.2 %) than UA (by 11.3 %, 46.7 % and 44.4 %) and UNI (7.2 %, 34.8 % and 26.1 %). UANI achieved these benefits by increasing leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area index, biomass and total N uptake. However, the N physiological efficiency (NPE) and N grain production efficiency (NGPE) decreased with the application of Azolla and NI.

Conclusions

Despite the minor decrease in NPE and NGPE, the combined application of Azolla and NI could decrease gaseous N loss and improve rice yield and ANRE.

Implications

The findings will provide a technical measure to minimise gaseous N emissions from paddy fields, increase rice grain yield and ANRE as well as contribute to the sustainable production of rice.

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氮化抑制剂对氮素损失、水稻产量和氮素利用效率的协同效应

应用硝化抑制剂（NIs）被认为是减少N2O排放的有效措施；然而，它增加了稻田中NH3的挥发，这可以通过施用Azolla来解决。目的验证氮肥对水稻氨挥发风险增加的影响，同时降低氮氧化物排放的假设，并研究氮肥和氮肥对水稻产量和氮素利用效率的联合影响。方法通过为期2年的大田试验，研究了氮氧化物和氮氧化物配施对氮素气体损失、水稻产量和氮素吸收利用的影响，包括对照、尿素[U]、尿素+氮氧化物[a] [UA]、尿素+ NI [UNI]和尿素+氮氧化物+ NI [UANI]。结果与U处理相比，UNI处理NH3总挥发量和产量比例平均增加14.1 %和6.0 %，UA处理分别减少21.2% %和29.4 %，UANI处理分别减少11.3 %和21.0 %，这主要是由于NH4+-N浓度、pH值和土壤脲酶活性较低所致。UA处理对N2O排放无显著影响。与U处理相比，UNI和UANI处理显著降低了N2O总排放量和产量比例，分别降低了24.0 %和33.6 %，36.3 %和49.9 %，这主要是因为UNI和UANI处理的NO3−浓度和土壤硝酸盐还原酶活性较低。UANI更有效地提高水稻产量,明显N采收率(ANRE)和N农艺效率(11.8 %,60.6 %和44.2 %)比UA(11.3 %, % 46.7和44.4 %)和大学(7.2 %,34.8 %和26.1 %)。UANI通过增加叶片叶绿素含量、叶面积指数、生物量和总氮吸收来实现这些效益。氮素生理效率（NPE）和氮素籽粒生产效率（NGPE）随氮素和NI的施用而降低。结论氮化氮和氮化氮含量均有小幅下降，但氮氧化物与氮氧化物配施可减少氮素气体损失，提高水稻产量和氮化氮转化率。研究结果将提供一种技术措施，以最大限度地减少稻田的氮排放，提高水稻产量和氮肥利用率，并有助于水稻的可持续生产。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

9.60

自引率

12.10%

发文量

307

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.