Is video modeling with small group instruction effective? Teaching the skills of using waste materials to individuals with multiple disabilities

Abstract

Leisure time skills play a crucial role in enhancing the quality of life, social participation, and independence of individuals with multiple disabilities, as they provide meaningful engagement and opportunities for self-expression While some previous studies have focused on teaching leisure skills using video prompting, limited research has explored the use of video modeling combined with waste materials in a small group format. In line with this, this study aims to teach individuals with multiple disabilities the skills of using waste materials using a video modeling with small group instruction. The study involved three participants (ages 11–14) with intellectual disabilities, cerebral palsy, and various health conditions (e.g., epilepsy, etc.). A multiple-probe design across behaviors was used to evaluate video modeling intervention effectiveness. The video modeling sessions were conducted in a small group format, consisting of three students and one practitioner. The effectiveness of the intervention was assessed using visual analysis for PND and an online tool for the statistical analysis of Tau-U effect size. The findings indicated that implementing video modeling in a small group format was effective in teaching the participants of this study how to make a caterpillar from an egg carton, a butterfly using a paper roll, and a tree using pencil scraps. Furthermore, the participants maintained the skills they acquired for 1, 3, and 4 weeks post-intervention and successfully generalized them to different environments and individuals. However, the study is limited by its small number of participants and relatively short follow-up period, necessitating further research to explore long-term effects and broader applicability.