Fabrication of Co/Zn Doped Manganese Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles: Improving Electrochemical Detection of Antibiotic Through Modification of Reduced Graphene Oxide

Abstract

A highly sensitive paracetamol detection sensor based on the reduced graphene oxide modified with cobalt- and zinc-doped manganese ferrite nanoparticles coated on glassy carbon electrode (Mn_1-xZn_xFe_2-yCo_yO₄/rGO/GCE) is reported in this work. A range of techniques, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Raman spectroscopy, zeta-sizer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry are used to evaluate the morphological, structural, and electroanalytical capabilities of the proposed sensor. Under optimal conditions, the sensor exhibited two linear ranges, 30–200 µmol L⁻¹ and 200–1400 µmol L⁻¹. The cobalt and zinc doped magnetic nanoparticles-based composite-modified GCE exhibits a remarkable limit of quantification as 0.12 µmol L⁻¹ and a limit of detection as 0.04 µmol L⁻¹. An evaluation is conducted on the structurally related drug on the anodic current response of paracetamol. The practical application of the constructed sensor is evaluated through an analysis of the current generation of real pharmaceutical samples. The modified GC electrode shows encouraging results that validate its superior analytical performance for paracetamol sensing with high sensitivity and trace-level detection.

Graphical Abstract

Figure shows the graphical representation of the activity of an electrochemical sensor and its fabrication process