Enhanced Bone Regeneration Using Demineralized Dentin Matrix: A Comparative Study in Alveolar Bone Repair

Abstract

Objectives

Alveolar bone resorption following tooth extraction presents significant challenges for implant-supported rehabilitations. Demineralised dentin matrix (DDM) has emerged as a promising scaffold for bone tissue regeneration. This study evaluates the bone-regenerating potential of varying degrees of dentin demineralisation.

Materials and methods

Thirty-two male white New Zealand rabbits underwent extraction of the left mandibular anterior tooth and were assigned to 4 groups: undemineralised dentin matrix (UDDM), partially demineralised dentin matrix (PDDM), completely demineralised dentin matrix (CDDM), and a control group with no treatment. At 4 and 8 weeks post extraction, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to assess alveolar bone height and width. Histological analyses using H&E and Masson trichrome stains evaluated new bone formation, and immunohistochemistry detected osteopontin expression.

Results

CBCT imaging revealed progressive increases in alveolar bone height and width across all groups over time. Histological analysis showed new bone formation in all groups, with the PDDM group demonstrating closer integration of newly formed bone trabeculae compared with the others. IHC results showed higher osteopontin expression in the PDDM group, highlighting its superior bone-inductive potential.

Conclusion

Among the tested materials, PDDM exhibited the most effective bone induction and tissue regeneration capabilities, outperforming CDDM and UDDM in promoting alveolar bone repair. These findings position PDDM as a valuable scaffold for enhancing bone tissue regeneration in clinical applications.

Clinical relevance

The use of PDDM in tooth extraction sockets significantly promotes efficient and reliable bone regeneration, making it a valuable option for clinical applications in implant dentistry.