Micro-magnetic non-destructive characterization of multi-clad array coating of FeCoCrNiMo high entropy alloy in laser cladding

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI:10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103428

Vikas Diwakar, Ashwani Sharma, Mohd Zaheer Khan Yusufzai, Meghanshu Vashista

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Abstract

This paper highlights the potential of NDT approach i.e., micro-magnetic barkhausen noise (MBN) and hysteresis loop (HL) techniques to assess the complex microstructural and mechanical characteristic of multi-coating FeCoCrNiMo high entropy alloy over inadequate EN24 steel using laser cladding. To analyze the trends of the micro-magnetic responses, magnetic frequency and magnetic field intensity as input factors are varied. The obtained micromagnetic responses, i.e., peak, RMS, average permeability, coercivity, and remanence linearly correlated with the microstructural aspect i.e. grain size, microhardness, and XRD-FWHM of the cladded, interface, and substrate region and its correlational coefficient lie in range of ∼0.9350 to 0.9942, ∼0.8996 to 0.9793, ∼0.8464 to 0.9927, ∼0.8464 to 0.9927, ∼0.8433 to 0.9766, and ∼0.8255 to 0.9674, respectively. Post processing of magnetic signals indicated the negligible MBN peak shifting with narrow envelope and limited saturation level of HL envelope was observed in cladded zone as followed by substrate caused by uniform grain refinement (∼9 μm) along with higher microhardness (470 HV) and XRD-FWHM (0.76) and complex multiphase distribution under controlled laser processing. It is confirmed that MBN and HL techniques provides the quick and reliable response of additively coated HEA's on-line production.

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激光熔覆中feccrnimo高熵合金多层熔覆阵列涂层的微磁无损表征

本文强调了无损检测方法的潜力，即微磁巴克豪森噪声（MBN）和磁滞回线（HL）技术，以评估在不充分的EN24钢上使用激光熔覆多层feccrnimo高熵合金的复杂组织和力学特性。为了分析微磁响应的变化趋势，改变了磁频率和磁场强度作为输入因子。所获得的微磁响应，即峰值、均势、平均磁导率、矫顽力和剩余物与包覆层、界面和衬底区域的晶粒尺寸、显微硬度和XRD-FWHM线性相关，其相关系数分别为~ 0.9350 ~ 0.9942、~ 0.8996 ~ 0.9793、~ 0.8464 ~ 0.9927、~ 0.8464 ~ 0.9927、~ 0.8433 ~ 0.9766和~ 0.8255 ~ 0.9674。磁信号后处理表明，包覆区MBN的峰移可以忽略，包络较窄，HL包络的饱和水平有限，其次是基片，晶粒细化均匀（~ 9 μm），显微硬度（470 HV）和XRD-FWHM（0.76）较高，可控激光加工下多相分布复杂。验证了MBN和HL技术为增材包覆HEA的在线生产提供了快速可靠的响应。

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来源期刊

Ndt & E International 工程技术-材料科学：表征与测试

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

9.50%

发文量

121

审稿时长

55 days

期刊介绍： NDT&E international publishes peer-reviewed results of original research and development in all categories of the fields of nondestructive testing and evaluation including ultrasonics, electromagnetics, radiography, optical and thermal methods. In addition to traditional NDE topics, the emerging technology area of inspection of civil structures and materials is also emphasized. The journal publishes original papers on research and development of new inspection techniques and methods, as well as on novel and innovative applications of established methods. Papers on NDE sensors and their applications both for inspection and process control, as well as papers describing novel NDE systems for structural health monitoring and their performance in industrial settings are also considered. Other regular features include international news, new equipment and a calendar of forthcoming worldwide meetings. This journal is listed in Current Contents.