Eco-friendly mechanochemical synthesis of hybrid phosphide flame retardants for enhanced fire safety in epoxy resins

IF 3.8 4区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI:10.1002/vnl.22191

Shengxiang Deng, Banglin Wu, Haiyang He, Sheng Zhong, Kaiwen Deng, Xiaming Feng, Hongyu Yang, Chaojun Wan, Cheng Yan

{"title":"Eco-friendly mechanochemical synthesis of hybrid phosphide flame retardants for enhanced fire safety in epoxy resins","authors":"Shengxiang Deng, Banglin Wu, Haiyang He, Sheng Zhong, Kaiwen Deng, Xiaming Feng, Hongyu Yang, Chaojun Wan, Cheng Yan","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22191","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <p>Traditional synthesis methods for metal phosphides are often inefficient and not environmentally friendly due to complex procedures. Here, we propose an eco-friendly and efficient mechanochemical method for phosphide flame retardant synthesis through high-energy ball milling. Specifically, solid red phosphorus and Ti₃AlC₂ were directly reacted in the milling jar, producing a hybrid flame retardant with TiP and AlP as the main active components (TiP/AlP@C). It demonstrates that the TiP/AlP@C exhibited excellent performances, reducing the maximum thermal decomposition rate of epoxy resin by 35.3%, the maximum carbon monoxide release rate by 29.3%, and the maximum smoke release rate by 11.3%. These findings suggest that the synthesized TiP/AlP@C primarily exerts its flame-retardant effect by catalyzing the formation of a protective char layer, which acts as a barrier during combustion. This study confirms the effectiveness and scientific validity of the innovative mechanochemical synthesis method for advanced flame retardants.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Highlights</h3>\n \n <div>\n <ul>\n \n <li>Hybrid phosphide flame retardants were prepared by high energy ball milling.</li>\n \n <li>The milling speed and time are crucial for the mechanochemical reaction.</li>\n \n <li>Hybrid phosphide additive is efficient in reducing fire hazard of epoxy resin.</li>\n \n <li>A synergistic charring effect from hybrid metal phosphides is proposed.</li>\n </ul>\n </div>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 3","pages":"560-571"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/vnl.22191","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, APPLIED","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Traditional synthesis methods for metal phosphides are often inefficient and not environmentally friendly due to complex procedures. Here, we propose an eco-friendly and efficient mechanochemical method for phosphide flame retardant synthesis through high-energy ball milling. Specifically, solid red phosphorus and Ti₃AlC₂ were directly reacted in the milling jar, producing a hybrid flame retardant with TiP and AlP as the main active components (TiP/AlP@C). It demonstrates that the TiP/AlP@C exhibited excellent performances, reducing the maximum thermal decomposition rate of epoxy resin by 35.3%, the maximum carbon monoxide release rate by 29.3%, and the maximum smoke release rate by 11.3%. These findings suggest that the synthesized TiP/AlP@C primarily exerts its flame-retardant effect by catalyzing the formation of a protective char layer, which acts as a barrier during combustion. This study confirms the effectiveness and scientific validity of the innovative mechanochemical synthesis method for advanced flame retardants.

Highlights

Hybrid phosphide flame retardants were prepared by high energy ball milling.
The milling speed and time are crucial for the mechanochemical reaction.
Hybrid phosphide additive is efficient in reducing fire hazard of epoxy resin.
A synergistic charring effect from hybrid metal phosphides is proposed.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

提高环氧树脂防火安全性的杂化磷化阻燃剂的环保机械化学合成

传统的金属磷化物合成方法由于程序复杂，往往效率低下且不环保。在此，我们提出了一种环保高效的机械化学方法，通过高能球磨合成磷化物阻燃剂。具体来说，固体红磷和Ti₃AlC₂在研磨罐中直接反应，制得以TiP和AlP为主要活性成分的混合阻燃剂（TiP/AlP@C）。结果表明，TiP/AlP@C具有优异的性能，使环氧树脂的最大热分解速率降低了35.3%，最大一氧化碳释放速率降低了29.3%，最大烟雾释放速率降低了11.3%。这些结果表明，合成的TiP/AlP@C主要通过催化形成保护炭层来发挥其阻燃作用，保护炭层在燃烧过程中起屏障作用。该研究证实了先进阻燃剂的创新机械化学合成方法的有效性和科学有效性。采用高能球磨法制备了杂化磷化物阻燃剂。铣削速度和时间对机械化学反应至关重要。杂化磷化物添加剂能有效降低环氧树脂的火灾危险性。提出了杂化金属磷化物的协同炭化效应。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology 工程技术-材料科学：纺织

CiteScore

5.40

自引率

14.80%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology is a peer-reviewed technical publication for new work in the fields of polymer modifiers and additives, vinyl polymers and selected review papers. Over half of all papers in JVAT are based on technology of additives and modifiers for all classes of polymers: thermoset polymers and both condensation and addition thermoplastics. Papers on vinyl technology include PVC additives.