Measurement of settling velocities of feeds and fecal solids in aquacultural applications – A critical review

IF 3.6 2区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Aquacultural Engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI:10.1016/j.aquaeng.2025.102548

John Colt , George Tchobanoglous , Ronald B. Johnson

{"title":"Measurement of settling velocities of feeds and fecal solids in aquacultural applications – A critical review","authors":"John Colt , George Tchobanoglous , Ronald B. Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2025.102548","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The majority of solids in intensive culture systems are from uneaten feed and fecal solids. The settling velocity of feeds and fecal solids is needed for the design of settling basins and modeling of the impacts of netpens. The UFT column developed in Germany in the 1980s has become the dominant column type for wastewater settling testing. The primary advantage of this column compared to conventional columns is the preconcentration of the settleable solids, elimination of problems with time zero estimates, and reduced sampling requirements.</div><div>The conventional settling velocity analysis presented in standard references, while theoretically correct, and is virtually impossible to apply to actual fecal waste because of uncertainty in numbers, mass, shape, density, and drag characteristics. In addition, this analysis is unneeded, as the removal efficiency is measured directly in the settling column tests. Because the UFT column uses only the settleable solid portion of the total suspended solids, the settling results will depend on the preconcentration process. If this process misses a significant portion of the settleable solids, the resulting settling tests will overestimate the removal efficiency. If the ratio of non-settleable solids/total suspended solids is known, the resulting removal efficiency can be presented in terms of either settleable solids or total suspended solids. Additional research is needed to develop standardized protocols for the collection of solids and handling prior to analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Aquacultural Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144860925000378","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

The majority of solids in intensive culture systems are from uneaten feed and fecal solids. The settling velocity of feeds and fecal solids is needed for the design of settling basins and modeling of the impacts of netpens. The UFT column developed in Germany in the 1980s has become the dominant column type for wastewater settling testing. The primary advantage of this column compared to conventional columns is the preconcentration of the settleable solids, elimination of problems with time zero estimates, and reduced sampling requirements.

The conventional settling velocity analysis presented in standard references, while theoretically correct, and is virtually impossible to apply to actual fecal waste because of uncertainty in numbers, mass, shape, density, and drag characteristics. In addition, this analysis is unneeded, as the removal efficiency is measured directly in the settling column tests. Because the UFT column uses only the settleable solid portion of the total suspended solids, the settling results will depend on the preconcentration process. If this process misses a significant portion of the settleable solids, the resulting settling tests will overestimate the removal efficiency. If the ratio of non-settleable solids/total suspended solids is known, the resulting removal efficiency can be presented in terms of either settleable solids or total suspended solids. Additional research is needed to develop standardized protocols for the collection of solids and handling prior to analysis.

查看原文本刊更多论文

水产养殖中饲料和粪便固体沉降速度的测量。综述

集约化培养系统中的大部分固体来自未食用的饲料和粪便固体。饲料和粪便固体的沉降速度是设计沉降池和模拟网状物影响的必要条件。20世纪80年代在德国开发的UFT柱已成为污水沉降试验的主导柱型。与传统色谱柱相比，该色谱柱的主要优点是可沉淀固体的预浓缩，消除了时间零估计的问题，并减少了采样要求。标准参考文献中提出的传统沉降速度分析虽然理论上是正确的，但由于数量、质量、形状、密度和阻力特性的不确定性，实际上不可能应用于实际的粪便废物。此外，这种分析是不必要的，因为在沉降柱试验中直接测量了去除效率。由于UFT柱仅使用总悬浮固体的可沉降固体部分，因此沉降结果将取决于预富集过程。如果该过程忽略了可沉降固体的很大一部分，则得到的沉降试验将高估去除效率。如果已知不可沉降固体/总悬浮固体的比率，则所得的去除效率可以用可沉降固体或总悬浮固体来表示。需要进一步的研究来制定标准化的固体收集和分析前处理方案。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Aquacultural Engineering 农林科学-农业工程

CiteScore

8.60

自引率

10.00%

发文量

审稿时长

>24 weeks

期刊介绍： Aquacultural Engineering is concerned with the design and development of effective aquacultural systems for marine and freshwater facilities. The journal aims to apply the knowledge gained from basic research which potentially can be translated into commercial operations. Problems of scale-up and application of research data involve many parameters, both physical and biological, making it difficult to anticipate the interaction between the unit processes and the cultured animals. Aquacultural Engineering aims to develop this bioengineering interface for aquaculture and welcomes contributions in the following areas: – Engineering and design of aquaculture facilities – Engineering-based research studies – Construction experience and techniques – In-service experience, commissioning, operation – Materials selection and their uses – Quantification of biological data and constraints