Assessing the extent of charring and its impact on the whisky ageing process

Jonathan Reep , David Morrisset , Stuart Martin , Rory M. Hadden
{"title":"Assessing the extent of charring and its impact on the whisky ageing process","authors":"Jonathan Reep ,&nbsp;David Morrisset ,&nbsp;Stuart Martin ,&nbsp;Rory M. Hadden","doi":"10.1016/j.foodp.2025.100055","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The charring of a whisky barrel is a critical step at the beginning of the whisky ageing process. The extent of barrel charring and its resultant influence on the generation of phenols and esters that alter whisky flavour profiles is yet to be fully explored. In this study, American white oak (<em>Quercus alba</em>) was charred at nine different temperatures, 473–1073 K, and added to both neat ethanol and new make unaged whisky for 500 days. Through the tailoring of the surface area to volume ratio, ageing was focussed over the equivalent of a 250-day maturation period in a full-sized sherry butt, enabling nine chemical species, each associated with a unique flavour profile, to be tracked via regular sampling. The temperature at which the char was formed was not observed to directly alter the tracked flavour congeners, although trends concerning early ethyl ester formation are discussed. Notably, it was found that the presence of a char gradient, arising from the use of a blowtorch, increased the production of ethyl esters, particularly significant during the early stages of the aging process. We believe that additional studies investigating the influence of set heat exposures on char formation could further quantify this effect, enabling the impact of charring on whisky flavour profiles to be further understood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100545,"journal":{"name":"Food Physics","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Food Physics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S295006992500009X","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

The charring of a whisky barrel is a critical step at the beginning of the whisky ageing process. The extent of barrel charring and its resultant influence on the generation of phenols and esters that alter whisky flavour profiles is yet to be fully explored. In this study, American white oak (Quercus alba) was charred at nine different temperatures, 473–1073 K, and added to both neat ethanol and new make unaged whisky for 500 days. Through the tailoring of the surface area to volume ratio, ageing was focussed over the equivalent of a 250-day maturation period in a full-sized sherry butt, enabling nine chemical species, each associated with a unique flavour profile, to be tracked via regular sampling. The temperature at which the char was formed was not observed to directly alter the tracked flavour congeners, although trends concerning early ethyl ester formation are discussed. Notably, it was found that the presence of a char gradient, arising from the use of a blowtorch, increased the production of ethyl esters, particularly significant during the early stages of the aging process. We believe that additional studies investigating the influence of set heat exposures on char formation could further quantify this effect, enabling the impact of charring on whisky flavour profiles to be further understood.
评估焦化程度及其对威士忌陈酿过程的影响
威士忌桶的炭化是威士忌陈酿过程开始的关键步骤。橡木桶炭化的程度及其对产生改变威士忌风味的酚类和酯类物质的影响还有待进一步研究。在这项研究中,美国白橡木(Quercus alba)在9种不同的温度(473-1073 K)下烧焦,并加入纯乙醇和新酿造的未陈酿威士忌中500天。通过对表面积与体积比的调整,陈酿过程集中在相当于一个全尺寸雪利酒臀250天的成熟期上,通过定期取样,可以跟踪九种化学物质,每种化学物质都有独特的风味。虽然讨论了早期乙基酯形成的趋势,但没有观察到形成焦炭的温度直接改变所追踪的风味同系物。值得注意的是,研究发现,由于使用喷灯而产生的焦炭梯度的存在,增加了乙酯的产量,在陈化过程的早期阶段尤其显著。我们相信,进一步的研究可以进一步量化这种影响,使炭化对威士忌风味的影响得到进一步的了解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信