Does SME policy enhance the adjustment of trade credit? Evidence from a revision of the Subcontract Act in Japan

Abstract

In this paper, we examine whether small and medium enterprises (SMEs) face severe constraints in adjusting their trade receivables by focusing on the 2016 revision of the Subcontract Act of Japan. Small businesses typically have weaker bargaining power than their customers because they are likely to depend on certain customers. Accordingly, many small businesses face severe constraints in the adjustment of their trade receivables. The Subcontract Act prohibits customer firms from receiving trade credit from small businesses over the long term, and this was enforced more strictly after 2016 following a regulatory revision. This made it easier for small businesses to adjust their trade receivables if their level was considered excessive, serving to enhance the speed of adjustment. We find that trade receivables decreased by an average of 2.1 days following the policy change for the main target firms of the Subcontract Act. Our results also show that small businesses could more rapidly adjust their trade receivables than large firms, both before and after the revision. On this basis, we conclude that while the policy effects on the level of trade receivables are significant, those on the adjustment are not.