Enhanced angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activities through synergistic green tea and black rice extracts

Food chemistry advances Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI:10.1016/j.focha.2025.100993

Worrapob Chaisan , Nuttinee Salee , Peeraporn Pakakaew , Niramon Utama-ang

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Abstract

The study investigated the synergistic effects of green tea extract (GTE) and black rice extract (BRE) on total phenolic content, flavonoid content, antioxidant activities and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. The influence of GTE concentrations (14.64–85.36 % w/w) and pH levels (3.59–6.41) was analyzed by regression and response surface methodology. Optimized conditions of synergistic effect (85.36 % w/w GTE and 14.64 % of BRE at pH 6.0) yielded the highest antioxidant activities (DPPH IC₅₀ = 0.112±0.015 mg/mL, ABTS = 89.14±1.58 mmol TE/100 g, FRAP = 373.66±3.42 mmol Fe²⁺/100 g), the highest total phenolic (120.98±1.60 mmol GAE/100 g), flavonoid contents (15.28±1.07 mmol QE/100 g) and ACE inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 6.125±0.106 μg/mL). Therefore, this condition was selected to produce the combined extract for determining the combination index (CI). The CI was 0.349±0.075 for DPPH and 0.505±0.019 for ACE inhibition, indicating confirmation of a synergistic effect. These findings suggest that the combined extract could serve as a valuable functional ingredient, enhancing access to bioactive-rich resources for nutritionally supportive and sustainable diets. With potential applications in food systems and healthcare, this agro-ingredient may contribute to improved access to resources for blood pressure management and non-communicable disease (NCDs) prevention, aligning with broader goals in nutrition and health equity.

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绿茶和黑米提取物协同作用增强血管紧张素转换酶抑制和抗氧化活性

研究了绿茶提取物（GTE）和黑米提取物（BRE）对总酚含量、类黄酮含量、抗氧化活性和抑制血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）的协同作用。采用回归和响应面法分析GTE浓度（14.64 ~ 85.36% w/w）和pH值（3.59 ~ 6.41）的影响。优化后的协同效应条件（85.36% w/w GTE, 14.64% BRE, pH 6.0）产生最高的抗氧化活性（DPPH IC50 = 0.112±0.015 mg/mL, ABTS = 89.14±1.58 mmol TE/100 g, FRAP = 373.66±3.42 mmol Fe2+/100 g），最高的总酚（120.98±1.60 mmol GAE/100 g），黄酮含量（15.28±1.07 mmol QE/100 g）和ACE抑制活性（IC50 = 6.125±0.106 μg/mL）。因此，选择该条件制备联合提取物，测定联合指数（CI）。DPPH的CI为0.349±0.075，ACE抑制的CI为0.505±0.019，证实了协同作用。这些发现表明，联合提取物可以作为一种有价值的功能成分，促进获得富含生物活性的营养支持和可持续饮食资源。这种农业成分可能应用于粮食系统和医疗保健，有助于改善血压管理和非传染性疾病预防资源的获取，与营养和卫生公平方面的更广泛目标保持一致。

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