{"title":"Extraction of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons from Water Samples Using Solid Phase Extraction and Analysis Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography","authors":"Lebogang Masemola, Adivhaho Khwathisi, Dakalo Ndou, Nikita Tavengwa, Tebogo Mokgehle","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08031-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pervasive toxic chemicals that occur as a result of long-term anthropogenic induced pollution. In this study, a column extraction set-up incorporating avocado peel powder was applied for removal of PAHs; naphthalene and anthracene from Nandoni Dam, an essential source of drinking water within the Thulamela district in Limpopo, South Africa. Parameters that were optimized in the extraction of these pollutants include sorbent diameter, concentration of standard PAHs, mass of sorbent, sample pH, loading volume, elution solvent, and elution volume. In this study, avocado peels powder was used as the sorbent. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used as the instrument of analysis, and it showed that SPE was effective in the extraction of PAHs using a sorbent size of 16 µm and a standard concentration of 9 mg L<sup>−1</sup>. The results also revealed that the optimum sorbent mass was 250 mg with toluene as the elution solvent. Maximum recovery of the PAHs was observed to be at sample pH 7 with 75 mL as the loading volume and 5 mL as the elution volume. The detection of PAHs from real water samples proved that the SPE method is effective in the extraction of wastewaters with avocado peels as the sorbent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-025-08031-w.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","FirstCategoryId":"6","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11270-025-08031-w","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pervasive toxic chemicals that occur as a result of long-term anthropogenic induced pollution. In this study, a column extraction set-up incorporating avocado peel powder was applied for removal of PAHs; naphthalene and anthracene from Nandoni Dam, an essential source of drinking water within the Thulamela district in Limpopo, South Africa. Parameters that were optimized in the extraction of these pollutants include sorbent diameter, concentration of standard PAHs, mass of sorbent, sample pH, loading volume, elution solvent, and elution volume. In this study, avocado peels powder was used as the sorbent. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used as the instrument of analysis, and it showed that SPE was effective in the extraction of PAHs using a sorbent size of 16 µm and a standard concentration of 9 mg L−1. The results also revealed that the optimum sorbent mass was 250 mg with toluene as the elution solvent. Maximum recovery of the PAHs was observed to be at sample pH 7 with 75 mL as the loading volume and 5 mL as the elution volume. The detection of PAHs from real water samples proved that the SPE method is effective in the extraction of wastewaters with avocado peels as the sorbent.
期刊介绍：
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments.
Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation.
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.
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