Assessing the haemodynamics of the cerebral venous system anatomy in multiple sclerosis and a healthy control using in vivo and 3D printed in vitro modelling

IF 2.3 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Experiments in Fluids Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI:10.1007/s00348-025-04028-7

Alexander Robert Bateman, Jeannette Lechner-Scott, Tracie Barber, Grant Alexander Bateman, Saadallah Ramadan, Shiami Luchow, Pujith Vijayaratnam

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Abstract

This study aimed to compare computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results to those acquired in vivo with 4D Flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and in vitro with a 3D printed model using pressure catheter manometry. The goal was to investigate the haemodynamics of the cerebral venous system (CVS) and assess the accuracy of the methodologies, to highlight any discrepancies between the techniques. One participant living with multiple sclerosis (MS) and one healthy control were recruited for this study. MRI was performed to generate 3D geometries of the anatomy and to compute blood flow rates at the boundaries, with 4D Flow MRI velocity streamlines for the control participant. CFD models were created for the two participants and simulated using the patient-specific boundary conditions. A 3D printed geometry of the MS participant was created and a flow loop experiment was conducted to measure the cerebral venous pressures. The venous pressures were found to be comparable to that observed in the CFD simulation. 4D Flow MRI velocity streamlines of the CVS were found to correspond well to the CFD findings, except for a few regions, which were likely impacted by the low resolution of the MRI. The use of all three methods enabled the successful validation of the velocity, flow features and pressure, and ensured that the haemodynamics of the CVS as resolved using CFD, were accurate. This highlights the potential for increased efficacy of the clinical outcomes of future studies that utilise such methods.

Graphical abstract

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使用体内和3D打印体外模型评估多发性硬化症和健康对照脑静脉系统解剖的血流动力学

本研究旨在将计算流体动力学（CFD）结果与体内4D Flow磁共振成像（MRI）和体外3D打印压力导管测压模型获得的结果进行比较。目的是研究脑静脉系统（CVS）的血流动力学，并评估方法的准确性，以突出技术之间的任何差异。本研究招募了一名多发性硬化症（MS）患者和一名健康对照者。进行MRI以生成解剖结构的3D几何形状并计算边界处的血流速率，并对对照参与者使用4D flow MRI速度流线。为两名参与者创建了CFD模型，并使用患者特定的边界条件进行了模拟。创建了MS参与者的3D打印几何形状，并进行了血流循环实验以测量脑静脉压力。发现静脉压力与CFD模拟中观察到的相当。除了少数区域可能受到MRI低分辨率的影响外，发现CVS的4D Flow MRI速度流线与CFD结果吻合良好。使用这三种方法，可以成功验证速度、流量特征和压力，并确保使用CFD解析的CVS血流动力学是准确的。这凸显了利用这些方法的未来研究提高临床结果疗效的潜力。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Experiments in Fluids 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

12.50%

发文量

157

审稿时长

3.8 months

期刊介绍： Experiments in Fluids examines the advancement, extension, and improvement of new techniques of flow measurement. The journal also publishes contributions that employ existing experimental techniques to gain an understanding of the underlying flow physics in the areas of turbulence, aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, convective heat transfer, combustion, turbomachinery, multi-phase flows, and chemical, biological and geological flows. In addition, readers will find papers that report on investigations combining experimental and analytical/numerical approaches.