Weak penetration strategy combined with post-weld aging treatment to optimize interface joining for dissimilar friction stir lap welded aluminum and titanium alloys

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI:10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115097

Han Li , Huijie Zhang , Xu Liu , Rui Sun , Qiuzhi Gao , Kang Ma , Jianling Song , Yunqiang Zhao

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In order to address the problems caused by excessive tool penetration into lower hard sheet during the friction stir lap welding (FSLW) of aluminum and titanium alloys, a weak penetration strategy combined with a post-weld low-temperature aging treatment is proposed and investigated for the dissimilar FSLW of 6061-O aluminum alloy and Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy in the present research. The results indicate that post-weld aging is capable of the elimination of cracks and voids formed at the hook structure during Al/Ti FSLW at relatively low rotation speed. Additionally, the low-temperature aging renders an improvement in bonding strength of lap surface, leading to the maximum joint efficiency of 95.5 % relative to the Al matrix. Microstructural analyses on weld interface reveal that the further recrystallization caused by aging induces approximately 90° rotation and obvious refinement for the stir zone grains. Furthermore, the smoother and more flattened Al/Ti weld interface characterized by a significant reduction in fragments and intermetallic compound clusters is produced through Gibbs-Thomson effect and Ostwald ripening principle during post-weld aging. The both factors represent the core mechanism through which low-temperature aging optimizes the interface structure and improves the joint performance. This research provides an effective technological approach for the interface optimization of Al/Ti lap joint, achieving a controllable balance between weld formation and mechanical property for significant practical implications.

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弱侵彻结合焊后时效处理优化不同搅拌摩擦搭接铝钛合金界面连接

针对铝钛合金搅拌摩擦搭接焊过程中刀具过度渗入下层硬片的问题，针对6061-O铝合金和Ti-6Al-4V钛合金不同类型的搅拌摩擦搭接焊，提出了一种弱熔透策略并进行了焊后低温时效处理。结果表明：焊后时效能够消除低转速下Al/Ti FSLW在钩形结构处形成的裂纹和空洞；低温时效提高了搭接表面的结合强度，相对于Al基体的结合效率最高达95.5%。焊接界面组织分析表明，时效引起的进一步再结晶导致搅拌区晶粒旋转约90°，晶粒细化明显。此外，在焊后时效过程中，通过Gibbs-Thomson效应和Ostwald成熟原理，Al/Ti焊缝界面更加光滑和平坦，其特征是碎片和金属间化合物团簇的显著减少。这两个因素代表了低温时效优化界面结构、提高接头性能的核心机制。该研究为Al/Ti搭接界面优化提供了有效的技术途径，实现了焊缝成形与力学性能之间的可控平衡，具有重要的实际意义。

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来源期刊

Materials Characterization 工程技术-材料科学：表征与测试

CiteScore

7.60

自引率

8.50%

发文量

746

审稿时长

36 days

期刊介绍： Materials Characterization features original articles and state-of-the-art reviews on theoretical and practical aspects of the structure and behaviour of materials. The Journal focuses on all characterization techniques, including all forms of microscopy (light, electron, acoustic, etc.,) and analysis (especially microanalysis and surface analytical techniques). Developments in both this wide range of techniques and their application to the quantification of the microstructure of materials are essential facets of the Journal. The Journal provides the Materials Scientist/Engineer with up-to-date information on many types of materials with an underlying theme of explaining the behavior of materials using novel approaches. Materials covered by the journal include: Metals & Alloys Ceramics Nanomaterials Biomedical materials Optical materials Composites Natural Materials.