Scalable Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells with Inkjet-Printed Perovskite Absorbers Processed under Ambient Conditions

Abstract

It is still a challenge to fabricate a smooth, high-quality perovskite film under ambient conditions via an inkjet printing process. Here, we report a systematic study of the fabrication of one-step inkjet-printed metal halide perovskite (IJP-MHP) films under ambient conditions. An inkjet-printed perovskite film with full surface coverage and large columnar grains was obtained through in situ heat treatment, self-vapor annealing (self-VA), and solvent engineering. An efficiency of 13.44% was achieved for the perovskite solar cell (PSC) with an architecture of FTO/IJP-SnO_x/IJP-MHP/IJP-spiro-OMeTAD/Au. Furthermore, an ink additive polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and antisolvent extraction treatment were carried out to retard perovskite nucleation and grain growth. Resulting perovskite films with improved film morphology and uniformity were obtained, although they delivered no competitive performance. Further optimization can be conducted to improve efficiency by careful selection of ink additives.