Breeding for cold tolerance in common annual legume cover crops

IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY
Crop Science Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI:10.1002/csc2.70059
Raksha Thapa, Solveig Hanson, Jian Hua, Virginia M. Moore
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Abstract

There has been a significant increase in cover crop adoption, with land use nearly doubling over the last decade. Winter legume cover crops provide several ecosystem services, such as weed suppression and reducing soil erosion, while serving as an excellent nitrogen source for subsequent cash crops. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa R.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum), and winter pea (Pisum sativum L.) are three major winter annual legume cover crops in the United States. However, varying winter survival rates have reduced their reliability compared with winter hardy grasses like cereal rye (Secale cereale). Winter hardy cultivars have been selected and bred in winter pea, which are also used as food and forage crops, but fewer breeding efforts toward cold tolerance have been made in hairy vetch or crimson clover. Despite the current breeding efforts, all three species can suffer from winter damage in the winter hardiness zone 6 and below. Developing winter hardy annual legume cover crops requires a multifaceted approach, including cultivar selection and hybridization, quantitative trait locus isolation, management practice improvement, and identification of new sources of winter hardiness. Cold acclimation, deacclimation resistance, and reacclimation potential are possible mechanisms to explore in the cold tolerance of these winter cover crops. Cold tolerance can be evaluated in field and controlled environments using visual scoring, chlorophyll fluorescence, and ion leakage assays.

常见一年生豆科覆盖作物耐寒性的选育
覆盖作物的采用显著增加,土地使用在过去十年中几乎翻了一番。冬季豆科覆盖作物提供多种生态系统服务,如抑制杂草和减少土壤侵蚀,同时为后续经济作物提供良好的氮源。毛豌豆(Vicia villosa R.)、深红色三叶草(Trifolium incarnatum)和冬豌豆(Pisum sativum L.)是美国三种主要的冬季一年生豆科覆盖作物。然而,不同的冬季存活率降低了它们的可靠性,与谷物黑麦(黑麦)等冬季耐寒草相比。在冬豆中已经选择和培育了耐寒的品种,它也被用作食物和饲料作物,但在毛豌豆或深红色三叶草中进行耐寒育种的努力较少。尽管目前正在努力繁殖,但这三个物种在冬季抗寒区6及以下都可能遭受冬季损害。开发一年生豆科作物的耐寒性需要多方面的方法,包括品种选择和杂交、数量性状位点的分离、管理实践的改进和耐寒性新来源的鉴定。冷驯化、抗逆性和再驯化潜力是这些冬季覆盖作物耐寒性的可能机制。耐寒性可以在现场和控制环境中评估,使用视觉评分,叶绿素荧光和离子泄漏测定。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Crop Science
Crop Science 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
8.70%
发文量
197
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Articles in Crop Science are of interest to researchers, policy makers, educators, and practitioners. The scope of articles in Crop Science includes crop breeding and genetics; crop physiology and metabolism; crop ecology, production, and management; seed physiology, production, and technology; turfgrass science; forage and grazing land ecology and management; genomics, molecular genetics, and biotechnology; germplasm collections and their use; and biomedical, health beneficial, and nutritionally enhanced plants. Crop Science publishes thematic collections of articles across its scope and includes topical Review and Interpretation, and Perspectives articles.
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