Saturation in Forcing Efficiency and Temperature Response of Large Volcanic Eruptions

IF 3.8 2区地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI:10.1029/2024JD041098

Eirik Rolland Enger, Rune Graversen, Audun Theodorsen

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Volcanic eruptions cause climate cooling due to the reflection of solar radiation by emitted and subsequently produced aerosols. The climate effect of an eruption may last for about a decade and is nonlinearly tied to the amount of injected ${SO}_{2}$ from the eruption. We investigate the climatic effects of volcanic eruptions, ranging from Mt. Pinatubo-sized events to supereruptions. The study is based on ensemble simulations in the Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) climate model applying the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Version 6 (WACCM6) atmosphere model, using a coupled ocean and fixed sea surface temperature setting. Our analysis focuses on the impact of different levels of ${SO}_{2}$ injections on stratospheric aerosol optical depth (SAOD), effective radiative forcing (ERF), and global mean surface temperature (GMST) anomalies. We uncover a notable time-dependent decrease in aerosol forcing efficiency (ERF normalized by SAOD) for all eruption ${SO}_{2}$ levels during the first posteruption year. In addition, it is revealed that the largest eruptions investigated in this study, including several previous supereruption simulations, provide peak ERF anomalies bounded at $- 65 W m^{- 2}$ . Further, a close linear relationship between peak GMST and ERF effectively bounds the GMST anomaly to, at most, approximately $- 10 K$ . This is consistent across several previous studies using different climate models.

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大火山喷发强迫效率的饱和和温度响应

火山爆发引起的气候变冷是由于太阳辐射被释放出来的和随后产生的气溶胶反射。火山喷发对气候的影响可能持续10年左右，并与火山喷发注入的so2 ${\text{SO}}_{2}$非线性相关。我们研究了火山爆发对气候的影响，范围从皮纳图博火山规模的事件到超级喷发。本研究基于群落地球系统模式第2版（CESM2）气候模式的集合模拟，采用全大气群落气候模式第6版（WACCM6）大气模式，采用海洋和固定海面温度耦合设置。本文分析了不同水平so2 ${\text{SO}}_{2}$注入对平流层气溶胶光学深度（SAOD）、有效辐射强迫（ERF）和全球平均地表温度（GMST）异常的影响。我们发现，在喷发后的第一年，所有喷发so2 ${\text{SO}}_{2}$水平的气溶胶强迫效率（ERF按SAOD归一化）都有显著的时间依赖性下降。此外，研究还揭示了本研究中调查的最大的火山爆发，包括之前的几次超级火山爆发模拟，提供峰值ERF异常，边界为- 65 W m -2 ${-}65\,\ mathm {W}\,{\ mathm {m}}^{-2}$。此外，GMST峰值与ERF之间的密切线性关系有效地将GMST异常限制在最多约为−10 K ${-}10\,\ mathm {K}$。这在之前使用不同气候模型的几项研究中是一致的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Earth and Planetary Sciences-Geophysics

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

11.40%

发文量

684

期刊介绍： JGR: Atmospheres publishes articles that advance and improve understanding of atmospheric properties and processes, including the interaction of the atmosphere with other components of the Earth system.