Multi-wave mixing-based topological three-dimensional atom microscopy in an atomic medium

Abstract

This study investigates the three-dimensional microscopy of atoms using a novel approach based on absorption spectroscopy within a four-level atomic system under multi-wave mixing conditions. The technique enables the observation of one- and two-atom microscopy, as well as the identification of cylindrical and wall-like atomic configurations. The distribution probability of atom localization is precisely controlled and modulated through adjustments in detuning, phase, strength, and direction of the applied driving fields. These parameters play a critical role in shaping the spatial distribution and behavior of localized atoms, offering a high degree of tunability and precision. The findings of this work hold significant potential for advancing applications in several cutting-edge fields. For instance, the ability to manipulate atomic positions with high accuracy can enhance laser cooling techniques, which are essential for achieving Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and trapping atoms.