Ning-Jing SONG , Can-liang MA , Nan-nan GUO , Yun ZHAO , Wan-xi LI , Bo-qiong LI
{"title":"Tailoring the pore structure of hard carbon for enhanced sodium-ion battery anodes","authors":"Ning-Jing SONG , Can-liang MA , Nan-nan GUO , Yun ZHAO , Wan-xi LI , Bo-qiong LI","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60967-X","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass-derived hard carbons, usually prepared by pyrolysis, are widely considered the most promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high capacity, low potential, sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. The pyrolysis method affects the microstructure of the material, and ultimately its sodium storage performance. Our previous work has shown that pyrolysis in a sealed graphite vessel improved the sodium storage performance of the carbon, however the changes in its microstructure and the way this influences the sodium storage are still unclear. A series of hard carbon materials derived from corncobs (CCG-<em>T</em>, where <em>T</em> is the pyrolysis temperature) were pyrolyzed in a sealed graphite vessel at different temperatures. As the pyrolysis temperature increased from 1000 to 1400 °C small carbon domains gradually transformed into long and curved domains. At the same time, a greater number of large open pores with uniform apertures, as well as more closed pores, were formed. With the further increase of pyrolysis temperature to 1600 °C, the long and curved domains became longer and straighter, and some closed pores gradually became open. CCG-1400, with abundant closed pores, had a superior SIB performance, with an initial reversible capacity of 320.73 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at a current density of 30 mA g<sup>−1</sup>, an initial Coulomb efficiency (ICE) of 84.34%, and a capacity retention of 96.70% after 100 cycles. This study provides a method for the precise regulation of the microcrystalline and pore structures of hard carbon materials.\n\t\t\t\t<span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (100KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages 367-380"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"New Carbon Materials","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187258052560967X","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Materials Science","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Biomass-derived hard carbons, usually prepared by pyrolysis, are widely considered the most promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high capacity, low potential, sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. The pyrolysis method affects the microstructure of the material, and ultimately its sodium storage performance. Our previous work has shown that pyrolysis in a sealed graphite vessel improved the sodium storage performance of the carbon, however the changes in its microstructure and the way this influences the sodium storage are still unclear. A series of hard carbon materials derived from corncobs (CCG-T, where T is the pyrolysis temperature) were pyrolyzed in a sealed graphite vessel at different temperatures. As the pyrolysis temperature increased from 1000 to 1400 °C small carbon domains gradually transformed into long and curved domains. At the same time, a greater number of large open pores with uniform apertures, as well as more closed pores, were formed. With the further increase of pyrolysis temperature to 1600 °C, the long and curved domains became longer and straighter, and some closed pores gradually became open. CCG-1400, with abundant closed pores, had a superior SIB performance, with an initial reversible capacity of 320.73 mAh g−1 at a current density of 30 mA g−1, an initial Coulomb efficiency (ICE) of 84.34%, and a capacity retention of 96.70% after 100 cycles. This study provides a method for the precise regulation of the microcrystalline and pore structures of hard carbon materials.
生物质衍生的硬碳通常通过热解制备，由于其高容量、低潜力、可持续性、成本效益和环境友好性而被广泛认为是最有前途的钠离子电池（sib）阳极材料。热解方式影响材料的微观结构，最终影响其储钠性能。我们之前的工作表明，在密封石墨容器中热解提高了碳的钠储存性能，但其微观结构的变化及其影响钠储存的方式仍不清楚。在不同温度下，在密封的石墨容器中热解一系列从玉米芯中提取的硬碳材料（CCG-T， T为热解温度）。随着热解温度从1000℃升高到1400℃，小碳畴逐渐转变为长而弯曲的碳畴。同时，形成了更多的孔径均匀的大开孔和更多的闭孔。随着热解温度进一步升高至1600℃，长弯曲畴变长变直，部分封闭孔隙逐渐开放。CCG-1400具有良好的SIB性能，在电流密度为30 mA g−1时，其初始可逆容量为320.73 mAh g−1，初始库仑效率（ICE）为84.34%，循环100次后容量保持率为96.70%。本研究为精确调控硬碳材料的微晶结构和孔隙结构提供了一种方法。下载：下载高清图片（100KB）下载：下载全尺寸图片
期刊介绍：
New Carbon Materials is a scholarly journal that publishes original research papers focusing on the physics, chemistry, and technology of organic substances that serve as precursors for creating carbonaceous solids with aromatic or tetrahedral bonding. The scope of materials covered by the journal extends from diamond and graphite to a variety of forms including chars, semicokes, mesophase substances, carbons, carbon fibers, carbynes, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes. The journal's objective is to showcase the latest research findings and advancements in the areas of formation, structure, properties, behaviors, and technological applications of carbon materials. Additionally, the journal includes papers on the secondary production of new carbon and composite materials, such as carbon-carbon composites, derived from the aforementioned carbons. Research papers on organic substances will be considered for publication only if they have a direct relevance to the resulting carbon materials.
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