Co-utilization of green manure with straw return enhances the stability of soil organic carbon by regulating iron-mediated stabilization of aggregate-associated organic carbon in paddy soil

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI:10.1016/j.still.2025.106624

Muhammad Mehran , Li Huang , Mingjian Geng , Yafen Gan , Jinyun Cheng , Qiang Zhu , Iftikhar Ali Ahmad , Sharjeel Haider , Adnan Mustafa

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Abstract

Despite increasing interest in sustainable soil management, the mechanisms by which long-term green manure and straw return impact Fe-organic associations and soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization in paddy soils are unclear. This study examines their effects on SOC stability, aggregate fractionation, Fe oxides, aggregate stability, and SOC composition in macro- and micro-aggregates. A well-established 8 year field experiment with four treatments, i.e., Chinese milk vetch without straw incorporation and fertilizer (CK), winter fallow without straw incorporation and with NPK (WF+NSR+NPK), winter fallow with straw incorporation and NPK (WF+SR+NPK), and Chinese milk vetch with straw incorporation and with NPK (MV+SR+NPK), were selected. The results demonstrated that the MV+SR+NPK treatment significantly (p < 0.05) increased SOC storage in macroaggregates by 18.2 % compared to CK, while reducing SOC in microaggregates and non-aggregated fractions by 1.14 % and 21.54 %, respectively. Additionally, this treatment enhanced soil aggregation, as evidenced by a 26.33 % increase in mean weight diameter (MWD) and a 54.62 % increase in geometric mean diameter (GMD), alongside a 21.5 % rise in macroaggregate formation. Further, SOC stability was reinforced by a 16.8 % increase in aromatic-C content and a 19.4 % rise in the aromatic-C/aliphatic-C ratio depicting enhanced chemical stability and resistance to degradation. Amorphous (Feo) and complex Fe oxides (Fep) in macroaggregates were 13.5 % and 17.9 % higher than in CK. In comparison, the WF+SR+NPK treatment improved MWD by 25.94 %, GMD by 31.93 %, and SOC in macroaggregates by 1.69 %, with significant increases in Feo and Fep contents by 39.92 % and 102.08 %, respectively. Furthermore, the aromatic-C/aliphatic-C ratio increased by 33.9 %, indicating enhanced SOC stability. Conversely, the WF+NSR+NPK treatment decreased MWD by 12.97 %, with only a slight increase in SOC and Fed in finer aggregates by 0.80 % and 3.12 %, respectively. These results demonstrate that the co-utilization of green manure and straw return, in combination with NPK fertilization, significantly (p < 0.05) enhances SOC stabilization and aggregate stability by promoting Fe-organic associations, thereby contributing to long-term carbon sequestration in paddy soils.

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绿肥与秸秆还田共利用通过调节水稻土团聚体相关有机碳的铁介导稳定化，提高了土壤有机碳的稳定性

尽管人们对土壤可持续管理的兴趣日益浓厚，但长期绿肥和秸秆还田对水稻土铁有机结合和土壤有机碳（SOC）稳定的影响机制尚不清楚。本研究考察了它们对宏观和微观团聚体中有机碳稳定性、团聚体分异、铁氧化物、团聚体稳定性和有机碳组成的影响。采用8年大田试验，选取了4个处理，即不秸秆还田施肥（CK）、不秸秆还田加氮磷钾（WF+NSR+NPK）、秸秆还田加氮磷钾（WF+SR+NPK）、秸秆还田加氮磷钾（MV+SR+NPK）。结果表明，与对照相比，MV+SR+NPK处理显著（p <； 0.05）提高了大团聚体有机碳储量18.2 %，微团聚体和非团聚体有机碳储量分别降低了1.14 %和21.54 %。此外，该处理还增强了土壤团聚体，平均重量直径（MWD）增加了26.33 %，几何平均直径（GMD）增加了54.62 %，同时大团聚体形成增加了21.5% %。此外，芳香族c含量增加16.8% %，芳香族c /脂肪族c比值增加19.4% %，增强了有机碳的稳定性和抗降解能力。大团聚体中无定形铁氧化物（Feo）和络合物铁氧化物（Fep）分别比对照高13.5 %和17.9 %。WF+SR+NPK处理使MWD提高25.94 %，GMD提高31.93 %，大团聚体SOC提高1.69 %，Feo和Fep含量分别显著提高39.92 %和102.08 %。芳烃碳/脂肪碳比值提高了33.9 %，表明有机碳稳定性增强。相反，WF+NSR+NPK处理使MWD降低了12.97 %，而细粒团聚体的SOC和Fed仅分别增加了0.80 %和3.12 %。综上所述，绿肥与秸秆还田配合氮磷钾施肥显著（p <； 0.05）提高了水稻土有机碳稳定性和团聚体稳定性，促进了铁有机结合力，从而促进了水稻土长期固碳。

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来源期刊

Soil & Tillage Research 农林科学-土壤科学

CiteScore

13.00

自引率

6.20%

发文量

266

审稿时长

5 months

期刊介绍： Soil & Tillage Research examines the physical, chemical and biological changes in the soil caused by tillage and field traffic. Manuscripts will be considered on aspects of soil science, physics, technology, mechanization and applied engineering for a sustainable balance among productivity, environmental quality and profitability. The following are examples of suitable topics within the scope of the journal of Soil and Tillage Research: The agricultural and biosystems engineering associated with tillage (including no-tillage, reduced-tillage and direct drilling), irrigation and drainage, crops and crop rotations, fertilization, rehabilitation of mine spoils and processes used to modify soils. Soil change effects on establishment and yield of crops, growth of plants and roots, structure and erosion of soil, cycling of carbon and nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, leaching, runoff and other processes that affect environmental quality. Characterization or modeling of tillage and field traffic responses, soil, climate, or topographic effects, soil deformation processes, tillage tools, traction devices, energy requirements, economics, surface and subsurface water quality effects, tillage effects on weed, pest and disease control, and their interactions.