The effects of overall slope on soil surface roughness estimation

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI:10.1016/j.still.2025.106618

Wenting Nie , Zhihua Zhang , Li Li , Shulan Tan , YuHui Guo , Gigen Liu , Jinquan Huang , Jianming Li , Xiaoxia Tong

{"title":"The effects of overall slope on soil surface roughness estimation","authors":"Wenting Nie , Zhihua Zhang , Li Li , Shulan Tan , YuHui Guo , Gigen Liu , Jinquan Huang , Jianming Li , Xiaoxia Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106618","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil surface roughness (SSR) is essential for understanding and modeling soil erosion processes, while whether the overall slope of the investigated terrain surface must be corrected before SSR estimation is still unknown. This study aims to investigate the effects of overall slope on SSR and associated temporal change estimates by using the high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) from the rainfall simulation experiments of Nearing et al. (2017) wherein medium-term rainfalls (ca. 10–20 years) were simulated on a 2 m by 6.1 m stony plot under three slope treatments (5 %, 12 %, and 20 %). Square moving windows with different sizes (<math><msub><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub></math>) covering the topographic DEMs were used to estimate SSR for each slope treatment before and after each rainfall simulation under the slope-detrending (DT) and no-detrending (NDT) scenarios. Results showed that: (1) The estimated SSR linearly increased with <math><msub><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub></math> under the NDT scenario while it increased rapidly for small <math><msub><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub></math> and tended toward asymptotes for large <math><msub><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub></math> under the DT scenario. (2) With increasing window size, the standard deviations of SSR increased under the NDT scenario but decreased under the DT scenario. (3) Without correcting the overall slope effects, SSR was overestimated while the temporal change of SSR was significantly underestimated reaching up to −175 % as compared to the DT scenario, and the underestimation was positively correlated with slope gradient, the true SSR temporal change, and window size. We mathematically illustrated that the estimated SSR under the NDT scenario in fact consisted of oriented roughness that was resultant from the systematic elevation variation rather than soil surface random roughness alone, and the overall slope effects must be corrected before SSR estimation for effectively tracking SSR temporal changes. The results provide guidance about the level of accuracy one might expect in evaluating SSR and associated temporal changes at hillslopes with different overall slopes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 106618"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Soil & Tillage Research","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198725001722","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"SOIL SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Soil surface roughness (SSR) is essential for understanding and modeling soil erosion processes, while whether the overall slope of the investigated terrain surface must be corrected before SSR estimation is still unknown. This study aims to investigate the effects of overall slope on SSR and associated temporal change estimates by using the high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) from the rainfall simulation experiments of Nearing et al. (2017) wherein medium-term rainfalls (ca. 10–20 years) were simulated on a 2 m by 6.1 m stony plot under three slope treatments (5 %, 12 %, and 20 %). Square moving windows with different sizes (

W_{Z}

) covering the topographic DEMs were used to estimate SSR for each slope treatment before and after each rainfall simulation under the slope-detrending (DT) and no-detrending (NDT) scenarios. Results showed that: (1) The estimated SSR linearly increased with

W_{Z}

under the NDT scenario while it increased rapidly for small

W_{Z}

and tended toward asymptotes for large

W_{Z}

under the DT scenario. (2) With increasing window size, the standard deviations of SSR increased under the NDT scenario but decreased under the DT scenario. (3) Without correcting the overall slope effects, SSR was overestimated while the temporal change of SSR was significantly underestimated reaching up to −175 % as compared to the DT scenario, and the underestimation was positively correlated with slope gradient, the true SSR temporal change, and window size. We mathematically illustrated that the estimated SSR under the NDT scenario in fact consisted of oriented roughness that was resultant from the systematic elevation variation rather than soil surface random roughness alone, and the overall slope effects must be corrected before SSR estimation for effectively tracking SSR temporal changes. The results provide guidance about the level of accuracy one might expect in evaluating SSR and associated temporal changes at hillslopes with different overall slopes.

查看原文本刊更多论文

总坡度对土壤表面粗糙度估算的影响

土壤表面粗糙度（SSR）对于理解和模拟土壤侵蚀过程至关重要，但在进行SSR估算之前是否必须对所调查地形表面的整体坡度进行校正仍然是未知的。本研究旨在通过使用来自近等人（2017）降雨模拟实验的高分辨率数字高程模型（dem）来研究总体坡度对SSR和相关时间变化估计的影响，其中在3种坡度处理（5 %、12 %和20 %）下，在2 m × 6.1 m的石质地块上模拟中期降雨量（约10-20年）。利用覆盖地形dem的不同大小的方形移动窗口（WZ）来估计坡面去趋势（DT）和非坡面去趋势（NDT）情景下每次降雨模拟前后各坡面处理的SSR。结果表明：(1)NDT情景下SSR估计值随WZ呈线性增加，小WZ快速增加，大WZ趋于渐近线；(2)随着窗口大小的增大，SSR的标准差在NDT情景下增大，而在DT情景下减小。(3)在未校正整体坡度效应的情况下，与DT情景相比，SSR被高估，SSR的时间变化被显著低估，低估幅度高达- 175%，且与坡度、SSR真实时间变化和窗口大小呈正相关。结果表明，NDT情景下估算的SSR实际上是由系统高程变化而不是土壤表面随机粗糙度引起的定向粗糙度组成的，为了有效跟踪SSR的时间变化，在估算SSR之前必须对总体坡度效应进行校正。这些结果为评价不同坡度坡地SSR及其相关时间变化的准确度提供了指导。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Soil & Tillage Research 农林科学-土壤科学

CiteScore

13.00

自引率

6.20%

发文量

266

审稿时长

5 months

期刊介绍： Soil & Tillage Research examines the physical, chemical and biological changes in the soil caused by tillage and field traffic. Manuscripts will be considered on aspects of soil science, physics, technology, mechanization and applied engineering for a sustainable balance among productivity, environmental quality and profitability. The following are examples of suitable topics within the scope of the journal of Soil and Tillage Research: The agricultural and biosystems engineering associated with tillage (including no-tillage, reduced-tillage and direct drilling), irrigation and drainage, crops and crop rotations, fertilization, rehabilitation of mine spoils and processes used to modify soils. Soil change effects on establishment and yield of crops, growth of plants and roots, structure and erosion of soil, cycling of carbon and nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, leaching, runoff and other processes that affect environmental quality. Characterization or modeling of tillage and field traffic responses, soil, climate, or topographic effects, soil deformation processes, tillage tools, traction devices, energy requirements, economics, surface and subsurface water quality effects, tillage effects on weed, pest and disease control, and their interactions.