Temporal Behavior and Latitudinal Relationships between Key Solar Parameters and Green Line Emissions in the Solar Corona

Abstract

Understanding the link between solar parameters and their influence on green line emissions would help unravel the complexities of eruptive phenomena within the solar corona. This study explores the intricate relationship between green line emissions and various solar indicators, including flares, F10.7 cm flux, and sunspot numbers. Utilizing data from both ground-based and space-based sources spanning from 1996 to 2024, covering solar cycles 23 to 25, the investigation employs the multitaper and cross-correlation analyses. The study reveals distinct behaviors and contributions to green line emissions at low and high latitudes. The F10.7 cm radio flux exhibits zero lag with green line emissions, indicating that both are contemporaneously influenced by solar activity, as shown by their correlation with sunspot numbers. In contrast, B-, M-, and X-class flares typically act as precursors or aftermaths of such activity. C-class flares exhibit a pronounced positive correlation with the green line, causally linked to plasma dynamics, particularly at low latitudes. Sunspots, on the other hand, act as a leading and significant indicator of the green line with positive lag, preceding the emissions. The emissions are found to be an excellent indicator of solar activity, with an immediate response to the F10.7 cm flux and a delayed response to sunspot emergence. The differences in observed impacts could be attributed to the behavior of confined plasma within magnetic loops, influenced by factors such as solar magnetic configurations, differential rotation, and dynamo mechanisms. These factors collectively impact the global coronal structure and influence the green line across latitudes.