Potential Improvements in Biorock Technology and Eco-Engineering: Enhancing Coral Ecosystem Regeneration

Abstract

Coral reefs are one of the planet's most diverse and productive ecosystems, providing habitat to a wide array of marine species. They also play a pivotal role in coastal protection against waves and storms, granting stability and preempting coastal erosion. Regrettably, these environments are facing severe anthropogenic threats. This review presents technological advances that could present a potential benefit to restoration expectations and the functioning of artificial reefs, as well as coastal preservation, through coupling Biorock sea water electrolysis technology by allowing remote sites to be powered by microbial fuel cells. The recent technologies analysed in this review stand out for having been previously deployed in marine aquatic environments, with minimal environmental impact. As a result, they possess the potential to enhance energy supply, enable real-time monitoring, facilitate assisted reproduction devices, advance underwater mechatronics and contribute to the protection of coastal areas. By combining low-impact technological innovations with ecological principles, Biorock technology aligns itself with the objectives of ecoengineering, as it seeks innovative, environmentally respectful solutions to address challenges in the conservation and restoration of marine ecosystems.