The 28th February 1969 Earthquake and Tsunami in the Atlantic Iberian Margin

IF 1.9 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
M. A. Baptista, J. M. Miranda, R. Omira
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

On the 28th February1969, a massive earthquake stroke SW Iberia and NE Morocco triggering a tsunami recorded in more than 20 tide stations. The event occurred in the SW Iberian margin, the same seismogenic area of the 1st November 1755 mega event. Several studies were developed in the last 55 years to address its earthquake mechanism and the corresponding tsunami source. In some cases, the study of the 1969 event was also the base for inferences regarding the 1755 earthquake and indirectly to give some light on tsunamigenic processes related with the SW Iberian margin. In this study, we present a comprehensive review of the tsunami data and modelling, taking advantage from the great improvement that occurred on the quality of the bathymetric data, particularly on the shallow areas close to the tide stations. We used a larger set of tide-records than previous studies. All records were digitized from the original mareograms and processed according to modern standards. We address the possible landslide triggered at the NW coast of Morocco as the explanation of the tsunami observation at Casablanca. The new dataset combining both the earthquake and the landslide sources allows a better relocation of the tsunami source, enabling a quantitative comparison of the different source scenarios that have been developed for seismological research. The simulations presented here suggest that a thrust fault of 85 km × 20 km verging to the southeast is the best candidate to be responsible for the 1969 earthquake. The trace of this deep fault follows the one of the “Horseshoe Fault”, a northwest verging structure interpreted from the multichannel seismic data. Moreover, this deep structure may be accountable for both the 1969 event and the later 12th February 2007 M6 earthquake. Even more, the “Deep Horseshoe Fault” is a strong candidate to be the source of the 1st November 1755 event up to now elusive to multiple geological and geophysical studies.

1969年2月28日大西洋伊比利亚边缘的地震和海啸
1969年2月28日,一场大地震袭击了伊比利亚西南部和摩洛哥东北部,引发了20多个潮汐站记录的海啸。该事件发生在伊比利亚西南部边缘,与1755年11月1日的大地震相同的发震区。在过去的55年里,人们开展了几项研究来研究它的地震机制和相应的海啸源。在某些情况下,对1969年地震的研究也是推断1755年地震的基础,并间接地阐明了与伊比利亚西南边缘有关的海啸形成过程。在本研究中,我们对海啸数据和模型进行了全面的回顾,利用了水深数据质量的巨大改进,特别是在靠近潮汐站的浅水地区。与之前的研究相比,我们使用了更多的潮汐记录。所有的记录都是从原始的谱图数字化的,并按照现代标准进行处理。我们将摩洛哥西北海岸可能引发的滑坡作为卡萨布兰卡海啸观测的解释。新的数据集结合了地震和滑坡震源,可以更好地重新定位海啸震源,从而能够对为地震学研究开发的不同震源情景进行定量比较。本文的模拟结果表明,一条85公里× 20公里的东南向逆冲断层是1969年地震的最佳原因。该深断层的轨迹与多道地震资料解释的西北边缘构造“马蹄形断层”的轨迹一致。此外,这种深层结构可能是1969年地震和2007年2月12日M6地震的原因。更重要的是,“深马蹄断层”是1755年11月1日事件的一个强有力的候选来源,到目前为止,许多地质和地球物理研究都难以捉摸。
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来源期刊
pure and applied geophysics
pure and applied geophysics 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
5.00%
发文量
240
审稿时长
9.8 months
期刊介绍: pure and applied geophysics (pageoph), a continuation of the journal "Geofisica pura e applicata", publishes original scientific contributions in the fields of solid Earth, atmospheric and oceanic sciences. Regular and special issues feature thought-provoking reports on active areas of current research and state-of-the-art surveys. Long running journal, founded in 1939 as Geofisica pura e applicata Publishes peer-reviewed original scientific contributions and state-of-the-art surveys in solid earth and atmospheric sciences Features thought-provoking reports on active areas of current research and is a major source for publications on tsunami research Coverage extends to research topics in oceanic sciences See Instructions for Authors on the right hand side.
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