An Observational Study on the Variability and Climatology of Arunachal Pradesh

IF 1.9 4区地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

pure and applied geophysics Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI:10.1007/s00024-025-03685-3

A. Sandeep, Sunit Das, V. H. Arun

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the climate trends, variability, and short-term climatology of Arunachal Pradesh (ARP), leveraging data from a network of Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) and manual observations. Important meteorological variables such as air temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS), wind direction (WD), pressure (P), and rainfall (RF) have been assessed. A very good correspondence is seen between two rainfall estimates (correlation coefficient value R = 0.77) for the study region, whilst during the monsoon season 10–20% higher R-values were registered. The plain regions of ARP experienced hot, humid conditions with gusty winds, while the hilly regions were cooler, and hazier conditions with lower wind speeds. Predominantly westerly winds during cooler seasons, while the warmer seasons saw a shift to south-westerly to westerly winds, consistent with the broader monsoonal wind patterns in the region. Rainfall analysis suggested that during the winter (64% isolated, 21% scattered), pre-monsoon (33% isolated, 37% scattered), monsoon (41% scattered, 32% fairly widespread), and post-monsoon season (67% isolated, 18% scattered) rainfall days were recorded. Overall, 70% of the region’s rainfall comes from light-to-moderate rain while 30% is from heavy-to-extremely heavy rainfall, however, the contribution of heavy rainfall increased to 45% during the monsoon season. The study region has a significant long-term negative trend in annual rainfall with a slope rate of − 0.11 mm/year for the period from 1976 to 2022. Interestingly, the data shows a positive trend in recent years (2016–2022), with a slope rate of 0.405 mm/year. The frequency of heavy rainfall events has also increased, with a slope rate of 0.22/year, highlighting a growing trend towards more frequent intense rainfall. Overall, this study provides the current state of the climate for the study area, but the erratic trends point towards strengthening of the observational network.

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**的变率和气候学观测研究

本文利用自动气象站（AWS）和人工观测的数据，对** (ARP)的气候趋势、变率和短期气候学进行了全面分析。重要的气象变量，如气温(T)、相对湿度（RH）、风速（WS）、风向（WD）、压力(P)和降雨量（RF）已被评估。研究区域的两个降雨量估计值（相关系数值R = 0.77）之间具有非常好的对应关系，而在季风季节，R值高出10-20%。ARP的平原地区经历了炎热潮湿的条件，有阵风，而丘陵地区则更凉爽，更朦胧，风速更低。在较冷的季节以西风为主，而较暖的季节则由西南风转为西风，这与该地区更广泛的季风模式相一致。降雨分析表明，在冬季（64%孤立，21%分散）、季风前（33%孤立，37%分散）、季风（41%分散，32%相当广泛）和季风后（67%孤立，18%分散）有降雨日数记录。总体而言，该地区70%的降雨来自小雨至中雨，30%来自强至极暴雨，但在季风季节，强降雨的贡献增加到45%。1976 - 2022年，研究区年降雨量长期呈显著负趋势，斜率为- 0.11 mm/年。有趣的是，数据显示近年来（2016-2022年）呈正趋势，斜率为0.405 mm/年。强降雨事件的发生频率也有所增加，斜率为0.22/年，表明强降雨越来越频繁。总的来说，本研究提供了研究区域的气候现状，但不稳定的趋势表明需要加强观测网络。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

pure and applied geophysics 地学-地球化学与地球物理

CiteScore

4.20

自引率

5.00%

发文量

240

审稿时长

9.8 months

期刊介绍： pure and applied geophysics (pageoph), a continuation of the journal "Geofisica pura e applicata", publishes original scientific contributions in the fields of solid Earth, atmospheric and oceanic sciences. Regular and special issues feature thought-provoking reports on active areas of current research and state-of-the-art surveys. Long running journal, founded in 1939 as Geofisica pura e applicata Publishes peer-reviewed original scientific contributions and state-of-the-art surveys in solid earth and atmospheric sciences Features thought-provoking reports on active areas of current research and is a major source for publications on tsunami research Coverage extends to research topics in oceanic sciences See Instructions for Authors on the right hand side.