Unraveling microbial pathogenesis through omics technologies for better therapeutic interventions

Abstract

Microbial pathogens are responsible for affecting billions of people around the globe which results in large numbers of mortality. There are numerous techniques for controlling the pathogenicity caused by these microorganisms. The individual genes, proteins, and their interactions have been extensively studied by traditional approaches to understand and combat microbial disease. Still omics have evolved a new and powerful strategy that can provide information about the adaptation of microorganisms to diverse environments. Omics technologies use genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic capacities for molecular insight into the microbial pathogen. Expertise in genomics identifies important genes for virulence and possible resistance against antibiotics. The study of transcriptomics helps to study the regulation of microbial organisms and their association with hosts which helps in developing new therapies and vaccines. Studying proteins helps in finding therapeutic targets to cure an illness. Following this, studying metabolism refers to studying the metabolism of the particular illness which provides certain diagnostics, as well as treatment results. Furthermore, therapeutic peptides are employed in combination therapies and demonstrate antibacterial action, broad spectrum activity, target selectivity, immunomodulatory effects, and biofilm suppression. Therapeutic peptides provide a promising alternative to conventional antimicrobials and have several advantages such as high specificity and low toxicity. There should be an exploration of the combined potential of omics to enhance the efficacy of diagnostics and therapeutic peptides for prevention. In this review, we discussed how the technology that can identify and manage diseases can aid in managing diseases and pathogenic microbial infections.